Lesson 19 (Part 2)

Question 1

What do valves do?

Answer 1

They prevent the back flow of blood

Question 2

Where are valves located? (2)

Answer 2

1. Heart

2. Veins

Question 3

Stenotic valves

Answer 3

Dont open enough

Question 4

Insufficiency/regurgitation

Answer 4

Dont close the valves enough

Question 5

Regurgitation

Answer 5

Having the valves not close properly and resulting in some back flow

Question 6

What is hydrostatic pressure equivalent to?

Answer 6

The weight of a column of blood

Question 7

What does hydrostatic pressure increase with?

Answer 7

Distance below the heart

Question 8

What is the hydrostatic pressure in a patient that is supine?

Answer 8

0 mmHg

Question 9

What is the hydrostatic pressure in a patient that is standing?

Answer 9

The pressure in veins is much higher

- 100mmHg

Question 10

What happens to the diaphragm during inspiration?

Answer 10

It moves down

Question 11

What happens to the thoracic volume during inspiration?

Answer 11

It increases

Question 12

What happens to the thoracic pressure during inspiration?

Answer 12

It decreases

Question 13

What does inspiration allow?

Answer 13

Air into the lungs

Question 14

What happens to the abdominal volume during inspiration?

Answer 14

It decreases

Question 15

What happens to the abdominal pressure during inspiration?

Answer 15

It increases

Question 16

What does inspiration stop?

Answer 16

Venous return from the lungs

- the valves shut

Question 17

What are examples of venous hemodynamic factors?

Answer 17

1. Hydrostatic pressure
2. Inspiration
3. Valsalva
4. Expiration

Question 18

Valsalva

Answer 18

Patient can be asked hold their breath and ‘bear down

Question 19

What happens to the abdominal pressure during valsalva?

Answer 19

It increases

Question 20

What does valsalva stop?

Answer 20

Venous return from the legs

Question 21

What happens to the diaphragm during expiration?

Answer 21

It moves up

Question 22

What happens to the thoracic volume during expiration?

Answer 22

It decreases

Question 23

What happens to the thoracic pressure during expiration?

Answer 23

It increases

Question 24

What happens to the abdominal volume during expiration?

Answer 24

It increases

Question 25

What happens to the abdominal pressure during expiration?

Answer 25

it decreases

Question 26

What does expiration allow?

Answer 26

Venous blood return from the legs

- valves open

Question 27

When are the valves closed?

Answer 27

During inspiration and valsalva

Question 28

When are the valves open?

Answer 28

During expiration