Lesson 22 (Part 1) Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the speed of blood flow?

A

110cm/s

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2
Q

What are characters of blood flow? (2)

A
  1. Laminar

2. Turbulent

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3
Q

What are 3 types of Doppler displays?

A
  1. Colour
  2. Spectral
  3. Audible
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4
Q

What does colour doppler demonstrate for blood flow?

A
  1. Presence
  2. Speed
  3. Character
  4. Direction
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5
Q

What is a benefit for colour doppler compared to spectral doppler?

A

It asses a very large area at a time

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6
Q

What is another name for colour doppler?

A

Duplex scanning

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7
Q

Why is duplex scanning also another name for colour doppler?

A

Because the colour portion is on top of a grey scale

- 2 parts

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8
Q

How is colour doppler steered?

A

Through phasing

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9
Q

What is the end goal of phasing? (2)

A
  1. To get closer to 0 deg
  2. To avoid 90 deg
    - if vessels are parallel to the surface
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10
Q

What is the formula for doppler shift?

A
fD = fR- fT
fD = doppler shift 
fR = frequency received 
fT = frequency transmitted
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11
Q

When does doppler shift occur?

A

If the returning echoes have a different frequency than from the emitted ones

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12
Q

What does a positive doppler shift indicate?

A

Flow is going towards the transducer

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13
Q

What does a negative doppler shift indicate?

A

Flow is going away from the transducer

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14
Q

What kind of pulses are sent out during colour doppler?

A

Multiple pulses are sent out per scan line

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15
Q

What does a signal processor detect for colour doppler? (4)

A
  1. Direction
  2. Mean velocity
  3. Variance
  4. Power
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16
Q

How is colour doppler created? (4)

A
  1. Bean former
  2. Signal processor
  3. Image processor
  4. Display
17
Q

What does direction do for colour doppler?

A

Tells us if it flowing towards the transducer (+) or away from the transducer (-)

18
Q

What does the mean velocity tell us with colour doppler?

A

The average velocity of the blood in an area is calculated and displayed

19
Q

What does the variance tell us with colour doppler?

A

The ‘variety’ within the blood flow / standard deviation

20
Q

What is power related to in colour doppler?

A

Amplitude

- strength/intensity of the echo

21
Q

What does power depend on?

A
  1. Reflectors
    - specular vs scattering
  2. Impedance
  3. Concentration of RBCs
22
Q

What does it mean in colour doppler if you have a higher impedance mismatch?

A

There is more reflection

23
Q

What does it mean in colour doppler if the concentration of RBCs is high?

A

More reflection

24
Q

How many pulses are sent out per scan line in colour doppler?

A

3-32

- usually 10-20

25
Q

Ensemble length

A

Is the number of pulses per scan line

26
Q

Are more pulses per scan line good or bad?

A

Good

27
Q

Why are more pulses per scan line good?

A
  1. Accuracy for speed calculation
  2. Better sensitivity
    - can detect weaker echoes better
28
Q

What happens to temporal resolution with increasing pulses for scan line?

A

It gets worse

- the most functions the machine has to do the worse the temporal resolution gets