LESSON 8: BACTERIAL METABOLISM Flashcards
-is the sum of all chemical reactions within the living organism.
METABOLISM
- is an enzyme-regulated chemical process that releases energy whereby COMPLEX ORGANIC COMPOUND are BREAKDOWN Into simpler ones.
CATABOLISM
-catabolic reactions use this type of reaction to breakdown chemical bonds.
WATER ( HYDROLYTIC REACTION)
-catabolism produce more energy then they consume thus called?
EXERGONIC
-Is an enzyme-regulated chemical process that
requires energy to BUILD complex organic molecules from simpler ones.
ANABOLISM
-anabolic reactions uses this type of reaction to release water.
DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS REACTION
-anabolism consume more energy than they produce, thus called?
ENDERGONIC
-it provides the building blocks for anabolic reaction & supply energy in form of ATP, what reaction is this?
ANABOLIC REACTIONS
-is the energy required for chemical reaction.
ACTIVATION ENERGY
-are substances which serve asBIOLOGICAL CATALYSTS that speed up chemical reactions without them being permanently altered.
ENZYMES
-it’s the lock and key model
SUBSTRATE
-The surface of the substrate contacts a specific region of the surface of the enzyme molecule called?
ACTIVE SITE
-this inhibitor compete with normal substrate for the active site.
COMPETITIVE INHIBITOR
- this inhibitor interact w/ another part of enzyme.
NON-COMPETITIVE INHIBITOR
-inhibitors bind to parts of the enzyme other than
substrate binding site. This binding will change the shape of the enzyme making it inactive thus stops the cell to produce more substance
ALLOSTERIC or FEEDBACK INHIBITION
-type of RNA that serves as catalyst acting specifically on strands of RNA during protein synthesis.
RIBOZYMES
-the removal of electron from an atom or molecule in a reaction That produces energy.
OXIDATION
-gaining one or more electron.
REDUCTION
- These two reactions are always coupled, each time a molecule is oxidized another is simultaneously reduced.
REDOX REACTION
-Energy released during redox reaction is trapped by ATP within the cell as energy reserve by addition of a phosphate group ADP in a process called:
PHOSPHORYLATION
-ATP is generated when a high energy P
is directly transferred from phosphorylated compound to ADP
SUBSTRATE-LEVEL PHOSPHORYLATION
-electrons are transferred from organic
compound to a series of electron carriers in a system called electron transport chain.
OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION
-occurs only in photosynthetic cells which contain
chlorophyll (light energy trapping pigments) that can be converted into ATP in a process involving electron transport chain system.
PHOSPHORYLATION
-is the most common carbohydrate energy source used.
GLUCOSE
- is primary source of cellular energy in most organism.
OXIDATION OF CARBOHYDRATES
- (splitting of sugar) is oxidation of glucose into pyruvic acid that occurs during the first stage of carbohydrate catabolism.
GLYCOLYSIS or EMBDEN-MEYERHOF PATHWAY
-an ATP-generating process wherein the final electron acceptor is an inorganic molecule
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
-is done in a process called Krebs cycle also
called as tricarboxylic cycle or Citric acid.
AEROBIC RESPIRATION
-the final electron acceptor is an inorganic
molecule other than oxygen.
ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION
-example of anearobic respiration:
PSEUDOMONAS & BACILLUS-using nitrate ion
DESULFOVIBRIO- using sulate
-generate energy from sugars and other organic molecules such as amino acids, organic acids, purines and pyrimidines by not requiring oxygen. PRODUCE SMALL AMOUNT OF ATP.
FERMENTATION
example of fermentation:
- LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION- end product is lactic acid
- ALCOHOL FERMENTATION- end product is ethanol
-an enzymes that breaksown triglycerides into free fatty acids & glycerol
LIPASES
-a process from which microorganisms can obtain energy from inorganic substance by converting sunlight energy into chemical energy.
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
-is a life mechanism on earth to
recycle carbon dioxide excreted by other organismsto be used by plants and other microorganisms.
CARBON FIXATION
-uses light energy to generate energy (photophosphorylation
light-dependent energy
-breakdown of carbon dioxide using energy generated in the first stage
light-independent energy
