LESSON 13: CONTROL OF MICROORGANISM Flashcards
-a process by which an article, surface, or medium is freed of all living microorganisms either in the vegetative or in the spore state
STERILIZATION
-any material that has been subjected to the above process
STERILE
-a chemical agent that is used to perform sterilization because of their ability to destroy spores.
STERILANTS
-Also called a microbicide, is any chemical agent that kills pathogenic microorganisms either on inanimate (nonliving) materials or on living tissue but not resistant microbial cells.
GERMICIDES
: is defined as the growth of microorganisms in the body or the presence of
microbial toxins in blood and other tissue
SEPSIS
efers to any practice that prevents the entry of infectious agents into sterile tissues and thus prevents inf
ASEPSIS
-are chemical agents applied directly to the exposed body surfaces (e.g., skin and mucous membranes), wounds, and surgical incisions to destroy or
inhibit vegetative pathogens.
ANTISEPTIC
-is any cleansing technique that mechanically removes
microorganisms (along with food debris) to reduce the level of contamin
SANITIZATION
-a compound (e.g., soap or detergent) that is used to perform sanitization.
SANITIZER
-natural method of sterilization of water in tanks, rivers, and lakes.
SUNLIGHT
-sterilization are clissified into 2 methods:
- PHYSICAL METHOD
- CHEMICAL METHOD
-one of the most dependable method of sterilization,
HEAT
-2 TYPES OF HEAT:
- MOIST HEAT STERILIZATION
- DRY HEAT METHOD
-in moist heat sterilization temperature ranges from what?
60 to 135 degree celsius
- is a technique in which heat is applied to liquids to kill
potential agents of infection and spoilage.
PASTEURIZATION
-in flash method product is exposed to heat at?
-how many seconds?
-then sudden cooled to?
- 72 degree celsius
- 15-20 seconds
- 13 degree celsius lower
-what is an example of sterilization at a temperature BELOW 100 degree celsius.
ex. pasteurization
-Simple boiling of water for 10–30 minutes kills most of the
vegetative forms of bacteria but not bacterial spores thus only for disinfection
BOILING
-in steam streillizer how many mins are needed for a substance to steam at atmposheric pressure?
90 min
-this sterilization is only used for a substance that cannot withstand the high temperature of an autoclave.
INTERMITTENT STERILIZATION
-s carried out over a period of 3 days and
requires a chamber to hold the materials and a reservoir for boiling
TYNDALLIZATION
-re-ensures killing of all the spores by their germination to
vegetative forms.
THIRD DAY
-The surviving spores are allowed to germinate to vegetative forms on the second day and are killed on re-exposur
SECOND DAY
-the temperature is adequate to kill all the vegetative forms of the
bacteria, yeasts, and molds but not sufficient to kill sp
FIRST DAY
-makes use of air with a low moisture content that has
been heated by a flame or electric heating coil.
DRY HEAT METHOD
-temperature of dry heat dry heat strelization ranges to?
160 degree celsius
-Sterilization of inoculating loop or wire, the tip of forceps, searing spatulas, etc., is carried out by holding them in the flame of the Bunsen burner till they become red hot.
FLAMING
-is an excellent method for safely destroying
infective materials by burning them to ashes.
INCINERATION
-is electrically heated and is fitted with a
fan to ensure adequate and even distribution of hot air in the chamber
HOT AIR OVEN
-is an excellent sterilizing agent with very high penetrating power.
IONIZING RADIATION
-since there is no detectable increase of
temperature in this method, this method is commonly referred to as “cold
sterilization.”
IRRADIATION
-from a cobalt-60 source is used for
sterilization of antibiotics, hormones, sutures, catheters, animal feeds, metal foils, and plastic disposables, such as syringes, meat and other food items.
GAMMA RADIATION
-most widely used antiseptics and disinfectants in
laboratories and hospital worldwide.
PHENOLIC COMPOUND
-is effective against
vegetative forms of bacteria but not suitable for application to skin or mucous
membran
PHENOL
-are more germicidal and less poisonous than phenol but
corrosive to living tissues. They are used for cleaning floors (1% solution), for disinfection of surgical instruments, and for disinfection of contaminated objects. Lysol is a solution of cresols in soap
CRESOL
-They are used as skin antiseptics and for
the cleaning of wound surfaces especially hexachlorophene because once applied it persists on the skin and reduces growth of skin bacteria for longer periods. However, it can cause brain damage and is now used in hospital nurseries only after a staphylococcal outbreak.
Halogenated diphenyl compounds
-are fluorine, bromine, chlorine, and iodine—a group of
nonmetallic elements that commonly occur in minerals, sea water, and salts
HALOGENS
-kills not only bacterial cells and endospores but also fungi and virus. w/ the concentration 0.6-1.0 makes water to water potable and safe to use.
CHLORINE
-rapidly penetrates the cells of microorganisms, where it apparently disturbs a variety of metabolic functions by interfering with the hydrogen and disulfide bonds of
proteins .
IODINE
-are the two most popular alcohol germicides.
- ETHYL ALCOHOL
- ISOPROPYL ALCHOL
-this alcohol is effective against fungal spores
METHYL ALCOHOL
-:are highly reactive molecules that combine with nucleic and alkylating molecules; sporicidal and can be used a
ALDEHYDES
-hat is usually dissolved in water or alcohol before use against bacteria, spores & virus.
FORMALDEHYDE
-preserve fresh tissue specimens, destroy anthrax spores
in hair and wool, prepare toxoids from toxins, sterilize bacterial vaccines, and kill bacterial cultures and suspensions
FORMIALIN SOLUTION in40% aldehyde
-used for sterilization of large volume of heat-sensitive disposable items and also instruments.
GASES
-organic molecules that serve as wetting agents and emulsifiers because they have both polar hydrophilic and nonpolar hydrophobic ends thus
are very effective cleansing agents
DETERGENTS
-This group includes halogens, hydrogen peroxide, potassium permanganate, and sodium perborate.
OXIDIZING AGENTS
-used extensively as skin and wound antiseptics
DYES
- Soluble salts of mercury, silver, copper, arsenic, and other
heavy metals have antibacterial activity, both bactericidal and bacteriostatic
HEAVY METALS
