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MICROBIOLOGY > LESSON 6,7 BACTERIAL CLASSIFICATION AND STRUCTURE > Flashcards

LESSON 6,7 BACTERIAL CLASSIFICATION AND STRUCTURE Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

-bacteria which gain energy from light.

A

PHOTOTROPHS

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2
Q

-bacteria uses
1.REDUCED INORGANIC COMPOUND as electron source.
ex. H2S

A

PHOTOLITHOTROPS

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3
Q

-bacteria uses
1.ORGANIC COMPOUND as electron source
ex. SUCCINATE

A

PHOTOORGANOTROPHS

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4
Q

-bacteria that gain energy from
1.CHEMICAL COMPOUND
2.cannot CARRY OUT PHOTOSYNTHESIS
as electron source

A

CHEMOTROPHS

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5
Q

-bacteria gain energy from : OXIDATION OF CHEMICAL COMPOUND & REDUCES INORGANIC COMPOUND
as electron source
ex. NH3

A

CHEMOLITHOTROPS

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6
Q

-bacteria gain energy from CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS &
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

ex. GLUCOSE & AMINO ACIDS

A

CHEMOORGANOTROPS

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7
Q

-bacteria that are NON-PATHOGENIC & FREE LIVING BACTERIA
-uses SOLAR ENERGY or CARBON DIOXIDE

A

AUTOTROPHS

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8
Q

-bacyteria that UTILIZES LIGHT to assimilate carbon dioxide

A

PHOTOAUTOTROPS

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9
Q

-bacteria that utilizes CHEMICAL ENERGY for assimilation of carbon dioxide.

A

CHEMOAUTOTROPS

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10
Q

-bacteria that uses ORGANIC COMPOUND AS CARBON SOURCE, but lack the ability to fix carbon dioxide.

A

HETEROTROPHS

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11
Q

-b. can grow at 0’c to 20’c
-optimum growth is 15’c below
-common contaminants in refrigerator
-contains POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS

A

psychroPHILES

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12
Q

-a FACULTATIVE PSYCHROPHILES
-grow even 0’c to 30’c
-Optimum growth is 20-30’c

A

psychroTROPHS

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13
Q

-b. can grow between 25-40’c
-Optimum growth is 37’C

A

MESOPHILES

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14
Q

-this b. are capable og growing on MESOPHILIC RANGE

A

FACULTATIVE THERMOPHILES

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14
Q

-b. grow above 45’c
-contains SATURATED FATTY ACIDS in thier cell membrane -can survive PASTEURIZATION TEMPERATURE

A

THERMOPHILES

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15
Q

-true thermophies or stenothermpophile

A

OBLIGATE THERMOPHILES

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16
Q

-b. that have OPTIMUM TEMPERATURE of growth abpove 80’c

A

HYPERTHERMOPHILES

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17
Q

-b. grows best at acidic pH

A

ACIDOPHILES

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18
Q

-b. grows best at ALKALINE pH

A

ALKALIPHILES

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19
Q

-b. that grows best at neutral pH (6.5 TO 7.5)

A

NEUTROPHILES

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20
Q

-b. that require HIGH CONCENTRATION of (NaCl) for growth.

A

HALOPHILES

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21
Q

-b. that DOES NOT require NaCl, but can TOLERATE small concentration of NaCl in growth media.

A

HALOTOLERANT

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22
Q

-b. that REQUIRES & CANNOT GROW in the absence of oxygen.

A

OBLIGATE AEROBES

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23
Q

-b. that DO NOT REQUIRE oxygen, but can USE IF AVAILABLE.

A

FACULTATIVE ANAEROBES

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24
Q

-b. that DO NOT REQUIRE, but can TOLERATE the presence of oxygen for gowth.

A

AEROTOLERANT ANAEROBES

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25
Q

-b. that DO NOT REQUIRE, but can TOLERATE LOW CONCENTRATION of oxygen

A

MICROAEROPHILES

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26
Q

-b. that can grow only in ABSENCE OF OXYGEN

A

OBLIGATE ANAEROBES

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27
Q

-b. that require CARBON DIOXIDE for growth

A

CAPNOPHILES

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28
Q

-cell wall of these bacteria is composed of peptidoglycan
layer only. The cell wall retains the crystal fire lit or gram stain which appear violate

A

GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIA

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29
Q

-cell wall contains lipopolysaccharide in outer membrane and inner membrane contains peptidoglycan.

A

GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA

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30
Q

-b. with single flagellum in one

A

MONOTRICHOUS

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31
Q

-b. having bundle of flagella in one end of cell

A

LOPHOTRICHOUS

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32
Q

-b. having single or cluster of flagella at both end of cell

A

AMPHITRICHOUS

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33
Q

-b. having flagella evenly distributed around the cell surface.

A

PERITRICHOUS

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34
Q

-b.without flagella

A

ATRICHOUS

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35
Q

-produce spore during unfavorable condition.

A

SPORE FORMING BACTERIA

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36
Q

-spore produced within the bacterial cell.

A

ENDOSPORE FORMING BACTERIA

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37
Q

-spore produce outside the cell.

A

EXOSPORE FORMING BACTERIA

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38
Q

-do not produce spore.

A

NON- SPORE FORMING BACTERIA

39
Q

classification of bacteria:

A
  1. ACCORDING TO MODE OF NUTRITION
  2. ACCORDING TO OPTIMUM TEMPERATIRE REQUIREMENT
  3. ACCORDING TO OPTIMAL pH
  4. ACCORDING TO SALT REQUIREMENT
  5. ACCORDING TO GASEOUS REQUIREMENT
  6. ACCORDING TO CELL WALL
  7. ACCORDING TO FLAGELLA
  8. ACCORDING TO SPORE
40
Q

Plant cell wall is:

A

CELLULOSE

41
Q

Fungal cell walls is:

A

CHITIN

42
Q

Archaea have cell walls of:

A

PSEUDOMUREIN

43
Q

-resembles: BERRIES
-ROUND/OVAL/ELONGATED/SPHERICAL/ELLIPTICAL SHAPE
-COCCUS in singular

A

COCCI

44
Q

-single, discrete round cell.

A

MONO

45
Q

-cell divides but REMAIN ATTACHED

A

DIPLO

46
Q

-cell divides repeatedly in one plane to form CHAINS OF CELLS

A

STREPTO

47
Q

-consist of 4 round cells/ remain in group 4

A

TETRA

48
Q

-cell divide in 3 planes, gives structure of GRAPEs & irregular configuration.

A

STAPHY

49
Q

-cell divide in 3 planes but form a CUBE. consist of 8 TO 16 cells & irregular shape.

A

SARCINA

50
Q

-these are ROD SHAPED or CYLINDRICAL bacteria which either remain singly or in pairs.

A

BACILLI

51
Q

-in bacilli it appear in pairs after cell division

A

DIPLOBACILLI

52
Q

-in bacilli it occurs in CHAIN after cell division.

A

STREPTOBACILLI

53
Q
  • in bacilli it’s shape OVAL similar to cocci
A

COCCOBACILLI

54
Q

-Curved, comma shaped bacteria and represented by a single genus

A

VIBRO

55
Q

-spiral or spring like with multiple curvature and terminal flagella with fairly rigid bodies

A

SPIRILLA

56
Q

-helical and flexible which move by means of axial filaments resembling flagella but contained within an external sheath.

A

SPIROCHETES

57
Q

size of most bacteria ranges from :

A

0.2 micrometer to
2.0 diameter

58
Q

glycocalyx (SUGAR COAT) composed of what:

A

POLYSACCHARIDE & POLYPEPTIDE

59
Q

2 forms of GLYCOCALYX:

A
  1. CAPSULE FORM-
  2. SLIME FORM
60
Q

-the substance is ORGANIZED
- firmly ATTACHED to the cell wall,
-clinically contributes to the VIRULENCE of
bacteria due to its capacity to evade phagocytosis by host cells.

A

CAPSULE FORM

61
Q

-the substance in unorganized and is loosely attached to cell wall.

A

SLIME FORM

62
Q

-singular term of flagella

A

FLAGELLUM

63
Q

-means whip, are long filamentous appendages
that propel bacteria,

A

FLAGELLA

64
Q

3 BASIC PARTS PF FLAGELLA:

A
  1. FILAMENT
  2. HOOK
  3. BASAL BODY
65
Q

-long outermost part that contains flagellin arranged in helix

A

FILAMENT

66
Q

-it’s where filament is attached.

A

HOOK

67
Q

-it anchors the flagellum to the cell wall & plasma membrane , Flagella can move by rotating this part of falgella,

A

BASAL BODY

68
Q

CLOCKWISE OR COUNTERCLOCKWISE

A

MOTILITY

69
Q

MOTILITY PRESENTED IN DIFF. PATTERNS:

A
  1. RUN OR SWIM- one direction
  2. TUMBLES- periodic abrupt
  3. SWARM- rapid wavelike movements
70
Q

-also called endoflagella present in SPIROCHETES.

A

AXIAL FILAMENTS

71
Q

-Is a type of a protein called pilin. It is a numerous hair like appendages that surrounds the bacterium and helps to ATTACHED TO HOST SURFACE

A

FIMBRAE

72
Q

-Is another type of the protein pilin but is only presented in one or two per bacterium, helps bacterial cell to prepare DNA TRANSFER from one cell to another

A

PILI

73
Q

-bacterial cell wall is a SEMI-RIGID structure protects the interior of the cell from the outside environment,

A

CELL WALL

74
Q

bacterial cell wall is primarily composed of network of peptidoglycan also called ?

A

MUREIN

75
Q
  • Peptidoglycan contains _________which provide the antigenic capacity of the bacteria making it possible to identify it upon laboratory.
A

TEICHOIC ACIDS

76
Q

-outer portion of Gram negative bacteria composed of 3?

A

1.LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE
2.LIPOPROTEINS
3. PHOSPHOLIPIDS

77
Q

-LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE also called?

A

ENDOTOXIN

78
Q

-there are bacteria that are composed of higher % of MYCOLIC ACID, which can only be stain by CARBOL FUCHSIN that resist the removal w/ acid aclcohol called?

A

ACID FAST BACTERIA

79
Q

-having no cell wall or w/ very little wall material.
ex. MYCOPLASMA sp.

A

ATYPICAL CELL WALL

80
Q

-it can cause damage, interfere w/ synthesis of cell walls by CELL LYSIS

A

LYSOZYME

81
Q

-this structure has underlying cell wall composed of phospholipids arrangend in 2 rows of LIPID BILAYER.

A

PLASMA MEMBRANE

82
Q
  • the outer surface of lipid bolayer or the polar heads is a ?
A

HYDROPHILIC, water loving

83
Q

-the inner of lipid bilayer or the non-polar tails ia a?

A

HYDROPHOBIC, water fearing

84
Q

-the movememt of materials across the membrane can either be?

A

PASSIVE PROCESSES-
ACTIVE PROCESSES

85
Q

-a special type of active that alters the substance being transported across a membrane.

A

GROUP TRANSLOCATION

86
Q

-The substance inside the plasma membrane composed mainly of water and other substances like proteins, carbohydrates or lipids.

A

CYTOPLASM

87
Q

-also called nucleod, located in the cytoplasm of a bacterial ce, that contains double stranded dna composed of BACTERIAL CHROMOSOMES & PLASMID.

A

NUCLEUS

88
Q

-bacterial chromosomes contains what?

A

GENETIC INFORMATION

89
Q

-plasmid contains?

A
  1. ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE
  2. TOXIN PRODUCTION
  3. ENZYME SYNTHESIS
90
Q
  • is the site of protein syntheis w/ 2 subunits.
A

RIBOSOMES

91
Q

-subunit of ribosomes that is small & contains molecule of ribosomal bacteria.

A

30’s

92
Q

-this subunit of ribosomes that is large & contains 2 molecules of ribosomal bacteria.

A

50’s

93
Q

-ribosome in bacteria are called ?

A

70’s ribosomes

94
Q

-specialized resting cell formed internal the cell membrane.

A

ENDOSPORE

95
Q

-recite the 7 inclusion.

A

MEtachromatic granules
POlysaccharide granule
LIpid inclusion
SUlfur granules
CArboxysomes
GAs vacuoles
Mgnetosomes

96
Q
A

MICROBIOLOGY (13 decks)

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