Lesson 6.2: Human Body as an Embodied Spirit

Question 1

Approaches to the Philosophical Study of the Human Person:

Answer 1

metaphysical and existential approach

Question 2

kinds of substances and capacities that uniquely make up a
human person; examines the essential components of a human person.

Answer 2

metaphysical approach

Question 3

kind of life/mode of existence, that is unique to a human person.
This examines the essential features of the human way of life.

Answer 3

existential approach

Question 4

describes the metaphysical approach as dealing with the
what of a human person, while the existential approach as dealing with the who of a human
person.

Answer 4

martin heidegger

Question 5

dealing with the
what of a human person,

Answer 5

metaphysical approach

Question 6

dealing with the who of a human
person.

Answer 6

existential approach

Question 7

emphasizes its life-giving function.

Answer 7

soul

Question 8

emphasizes its consciousness.

Answer 8

mind

Question 9

nonbodily, nonbiological, or nonphysical nature

Answer 9

spirit

Question 10

three possible views of what makes up a human person

Answer 10

unspirited body view, disembodied spirit view, embodied spirit view

Question 11

no spiritual component, no such thing as spirit.

Answer 11

unspirited body view

Question 12

is essentially just her/his spirit. This view maintains that the
human person has both body and spirit but claims that it is the spirit that essentially defines
a person.

Answer 12

disembodied spirit view

Question 13

unity of body and spirit. Both cannot exist independently of one
another. Each will not survive with the absence of the other

Answer 13

embodied spirit view

Question 14

Two strong supporters of the disembodied view are

Answer 14

plato and rene descartes

Question 15

plato called the spirit as the

Answer 15

soul

Question 16

descartes called the spirit as the

Answer 16

mind

Question 17

belief in the disembodied view led to the belief in

Answer 17

immortality and reincarnation (belief of plato)

Question 18

belief that the soul travels from one body to another)

Answer 18

reincarnation

Question 19

views of Reality as composed of 2 different types of substances, namely,
mind (nonphysical kind) and matter (the physical kind)

Answer 19

rene descartes

Question 20

includes the imperfect minds of human and the perfect mind of God.

Answer 20

mind

Question 21

supporters of embodied spirit

Answer 21

aristotle and thomas aquinas

Question 22

regards the soul as the principle (cause) of life, it gives life to something.

Answer 22

aristotle

Question 23

the principle (cause) of life

Answer 23

soul according to aristotle

Question 24

material aspect or matter

Answer 24

body according to aristotle

Question 25

formal aspect or form

Answer 25

soul according to aristotle

Question 26

natural capacity, ability or function of something

Answer 26

form according to aristotle

Question 27

the kind of material that it is made of.

Answer 27

matter according to aristotle

Question 28

a set or system of capacities or abilities that gives life to something.

Answer 28

soul

Question 29

vegetative/nutritive soul

Answer 29

soul of plants

Question 30

nourishment, growth, reproduction, sensation and locomotion

Answer 30

soul of animals/sensitive soul

Question 31

nourishment, growth reproduction, locomotion sensation , intelligence or rational thinking, and freedom or free will.

Answer 31

soul of humans/rational soul

Question 32

Aristotle does not believe in the

Answer 32

immortality of the soul

Question 33

said that the rational soul of humans has a dual nature. There is a part of it that is dependent on the body, but there is also a part of it that is not dependent on the body.

Answer 33

thomas aquinas

Question 34

The rational ability to think is

Answer 34

not dependent on the body

Question 35

The rational souls are

Answer 35

immortal according to aquinas

Question 36

The soul that survives after the death of the human body is

Answer 36

no longer a human person according to aquinas

Question 37

aquinas calls the human soul "________" rather than a substance to indicate that the human soul, though immortal is incomplete in nature – and which can only be complete again once the body is resurrected to reunite with its soul.

Answer 37

subsistent

Question 38

the human quest for Absolute truth

Answer 38

hinduism

Question 39

That the one’s soul and the Brahman or Atman (Absolute soul) might become one.

Answer 39

hinduism

Question 40

who believes in hinduism

Answer 40

indians

Question 41

for the indians, god first

Answer 41

created sound and the universe arose from it

Question 42

the most sacred sound, is the root of the universe and everything that exists and it continues to hold everything together.

Answer 42

Aum (Om)

Question 43

Transcendence comes from the Latin prefix

Answer 43

Trans-

Question 44

trans means

Answer 44

climbing or going beyond

Question 45

Dual nature of human beings involves

Answer 45

soul and body

Question 46

the spiritual and immortal essence.

Answer 46

soul (in hinduism)

Question 47

it is ultimately real and eternal but is bound by the law of Karma(action) to the world of the matter.

Answer 47

soul (in hinduism)

Question 48

it can only escape after spiritual progress through an endless series of births.

Answer 48

soul (in hinduism)

Question 49

temporarily encased in his body.

Answer 49

soul (in hinduism)

Question 50

is empirical life and character.

Answer 50

body (in hinduism)

Question 51

It is considered as nothing more than an illusion and an obstacle to the realization of one’s real self.

Answer 51

body (in hinduism)

Question 52

moksha means

Answer 52

liberation

Question 53

jiva means

Answer 53

spirit

Question 54

samsara means

Answer 54

continuous cycle (of life)

Question 55

a doctrine that adheres to the belief that the person’s soul passes into some other creature, human or animal.

Answer 55

transmigration/ metempsychosis/ reincarnation

Question 56

one of the oldest Eastern traditions for about 5000 yrs.

Answer 56

hinduism

Question 57

Humanity’s basic goal in life in hinduism

Answer 57

liberation (moksha) of spirit (jiva)

Question 58

vidya means

Answer 58

true knowledge

Question 59

atman means

Answer 59

real self

Question 60

The attainment of self-knowledge means to

Answer 60

overcome congenital ignorance

Question 61

four primary values of hinduism

Answer 61

wealth and pleasure; duty/righteousness; enlightenment; repeated existence

Question 62

worldly values

Answer 62

wealth and pleasure

Question 63

refers to patience, sincerity, fairness, love, honesty, and similar virtues

Answer 63

duty/righteousness

Question 64

by which one is illuminated and liberated and finds release from the wheel of existence.

Answer 64

enlightenment

Question 65

the destiny of those who do not achieve enlightenment

Answer 65

repeated existence

Question 66

Finally, to understand enlightenment, one must undergo the

Answer 66

law of karma

Question 67

From tears to enlightenment

Answer 67

buddhism

Question 68

founder of buddhism

Answer 68

Siddharta Gautama or buddha

Question 69

Turning away from Hindu Polytheism and palace pleasures, He began searching for answers to the riddle of life’s sufferings, disease, old age and death.

Answer 69

buddhism

Question 70

His life was devoted to sharing his “Dharma” or Law of Salvation

Answer 70

Siddharta Gautama or buddha

Question 71

a simple presentation of the gospel of inner cultivation of right spiritual attitudes, coupled with a self-imposed discipline whereby bodily desires would be channeled in the right direction.

Answer 71

dharma

Question 72

dharma means

Answer 72

law of salvation

Question 73

four noble truths (readings)

Answer 73

life is full of suffering; suffering is caused by passionate desires, lusts, and cravings; only as these are obliterated, will suffering cease; the eradication of desire may be accomplished only by following the eightfold path of earnest endeavor

Question 74

eightfold path (readings)

Answer 74

RIGHT belief in; aspiration; speech; conduct; means; endeavor; mindfulness; meditation

Question 75

-Lies through self-abnegation, right discipline of mind and body, a consuming love for all living creatures, and the final achievement of that state of consciousness which marks an individual’s full preparation for entering the NIRVANA (enlightened wisdom) of complete selflessness.

Answer 75

way to salvation

Question 76

nirvana means

Answer 76

enlightened wisdom

Question 77

Buddhism stresses the cultivation of wisdom and discernment

Answer 77

REFRAIN FROM destroying life; taking what is not given; misuse of the senses; wrong speech; taking drugs or drinks that tend to cloud the mind

Question 78

in christianity, philosophy is

Answer 78

love of god

Question 79

-Teachings of Christianity are based on the

Answer 79

love of god

Question 80

as presenting the full revelation of the true God, is the only full and true philosophy

Answer 80

christianity

Question 81

Augustine's view of humanity

Answer 81

man as a rational soul using a mortal body (platonic view); man is a rational substance constituted of soul and body

Question 82

the soul may be considered as a

Answer 82

substance (according to augustine)

Question 83

freed from anger and bitter vs. the hardness of the heart that is reinforced by whole series of rational arguments.

Answer 83

forgiveness

Question 84

There is perfection – in every single flower, for a hug, for every sunrise and sunset, to eat together as a family, are our miracles. Truly, moments of grace. Touch us deeply and the human heart is spontaneously lifted During this experience, we need to offer praise.

Answer 84

beauty of nature

Question 85

-without acknowledging the help of others, is to live without meaning and direction. Such moments of poverty and dependence on others are not a sign of weakness but being true with ourselves.

Answer 85

vulnerability

Question 86

force us to confront our weaknesses and limitations and force us to surrender to a mystery or look upon a bigger world. Such acceptance of our failures gives us hope and trust that all can be brought into good.

Answer 86

failures

Question 87

can be rooted from our sense of vulnerability and fear of death. But it is our choice to live in an impossible world where we are always happy.

Answer 87

loneliness

Question 88

is to experience richness, positivity and transcendence.

Answer 88

love