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101PHILO (1) > Lesson 6.2: Human Body as an Embodied Spirit > Flashcards

Lesson 6.2: Human Body as an Embodied Spirit Flashcards

1
Q

Approaches to the Philosophical Study of the Human Person:

A

metaphysical and existential approach

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2
Q

kinds of substances and capacities that uniquely make up a
human person; examines the essential components of a human person.

A

metaphysical approach

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3
Q

kind of life/mode of existence, that is unique to a human person.
This examines the essential features of the human way of life.

A

existential approach

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4
Q

describes the metaphysical approach as dealing with the
what of a human person, while the existential approach as dealing with the who of a human
person.

A

martin heidegger

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5
Q

dealing with the
what of a human person,

A

metaphysical approach

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6
Q

dealing with the who of a human
person.

A

existential approach

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7
Q

emphasizes its life-giving function.

A

soul

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8
Q

emphasizes its consciousness.

A

mind

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9
Q

nonbodily, nonbiological, or nonphysical nature

A

spirit

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10
Q

three possible views of what makes up a human person

A

unspirited body view, disembodied spirit view, embodied spirit view

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11
Q

no spiritual component, no such thing as spirit.

A

unspirited body view

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12
Q

is essentially just her/his spirit. This view maintains that the
human person has both body and spirit but claims that it is the spirit that essentially defines
a person.

A

disembodied spirit view

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13
Q

unity of body and spirit. Both cannot exist independently of one
another. Each will not survive with the absence of the other

A

embodied spirit view

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14
Q

Two strong supporters of the disembodied view are

A

plato and rene descartes

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15
Q

plato called the spirit as the

A

soul

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16
Q

descartes called the spirit as the

A

mind

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17
Q

belief in the disembodied view led to the belief in

A

immortality and reincarnation (belief of plato)

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18
Q

belief that the soul travels from one body to another)

A

reincarnation

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19
Q

views of Reality as composed of 2 different types of substances, namely,
mind (nonphysical kind) and matter (the physical kind)

A

rene descartes

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20
Q

includes the imperfect minds of human and the perfect mind of God.

A

mind

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21
Q

supporters of embodied spirit

A

aristotle and thomas aquinas

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22
Q

regards the soul as the principle (cause) of life, it gives life to something.

A

aristotle

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23
Q

the principle (cause) of life

A

soul according to aristotle

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24
Q

material aspect or matter

A

body according to aristotle

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25
Q

formal aspect or form

A

soul according to aristotle

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26
Q

natural capacity, ability or function of something

A

form according to aristotle

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27
Q

the kind of material that it is made of.

A

matter according to aristotle

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28
Q

a set or system of capacities or abilities that gives life to something.

A

soul

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29
Q

vegetative/nutritive soul

A

soul of plants

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30
Q

nourishment, growth, reproduction, sensation and
locomotion

A

soul of animals/sensitive soul

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31
Q

nourishment, growth reproduction, locomotion sensation ,
intelligence or rational thinking, and freedom or free will.

A

soul of humans/rational soul

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32
Q

Aristotle does not believe in the

A

immortality of the soul

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33
Q

said that the rational soul of humans has a dual nature. There is a part of it that is
dependent on the body, but there is also a part of it that is not dependent on the body.

A

thomas aquinas

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34
Q

The rational ability to think is

A

not dependent on the body

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35
Q

The rational souls are

A

immortal according to aquinas

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36
Q

The soul that survives after the death of the human body is

A

no longer a human person according to aquinas

37
Q

aquinas calls the human soul “________” rather than a substance to indicate that the
human soul, though immortal is incomplete in nature – and which can only be complete
again once the body is resurrected to reunite with its soul.

A

subsistent

38
Q

the human quest for Absolute truth

A

hinduism

39
Q

That the one’s soul and the Brahman or Atman (Absolute soul) might become one.

A

hinduism

40
Q

who believes in hinduism

A

indians

41
Q

for the indians, god first

A

created sound and the universe arose from it

42
Q

the most sacred sound, is the root of the universe and everything that
exists and it continues to hold everything together.

A

Aum (Om)

43
Q

Transcendence comes from the Latin prefix

A

Trans-

44
Q

trans means

A

climbing or going beyond

45
Q

Dual nature of human beings involves

A

soul and body

46
Q

the spiritual and immortal essence.

A

soul (in hinduism)

47
Q

it is ultimately real and eternal but is bound by the law of Karma(action) to the
world of the matter.

A

soul (in hinduism)

48
Q

it can only escape after spiritual progress through an endless series of births.

A

soul (in hinduism)

49
Q

temporarily encased in his body.

A

soul (in hinduism)

50
Q

is empirical life and character.

A

body (in hinduism)

51
Q

It is considered as nothing more than an illusion and
an obstacle to the realization of one’s real self.

A

body (in hinduism)

52
Q

moksha means

A

liberation

53
Q

jiva means

A

spirit

54
Q

samsara means

A

continuous cycle (of life)

55
Q

a doctrine that adheres to the belief that the person’s
soul passes into some other creature, human or animal.

A

transmigration/ metempsychosis/ reincarnation

56
Q

one of the oldest Eastern traditions for about 5000 yrs.

A

hinduism

57
Q

Humanity’s basic goal in life in hinduism

A

liberation (moksha) of spirit (jiva)

58
Q

vidya means

A

true knowledge

59
Q

atman means

A

real self

60
Q

The attainment of self-knowledge means to

A

overcome congenital ignorance

61
Q

four primary values of hinduism

A

wealth and pleasure; duty/righteousness; enlightenment; repeated existence

62
Q

worldly values

A

wealth and pleasure

63
Q

refers to patience, sincerity, fairness, love, honesty, and similar virtues

A

duty/righteousness

64
Q

by which one is illuminated and liberated and finds release from the wheel of existence.

A

enlightenment

65
Q

the destiny of those who do not achieve enlightenment

A

repeated existence

66
Q

Finally, to understand enlightenment, one must undergo the

A

law of karma

67
Q

From tears to enlightenment

A

buddhism

68
Q

founder of buddhism

A

Siddharta Gautama or buddha

69
Q

Turning away from Hindu Polytheism and palace pleasures, He began searching for
answers to the riddle of life’s sufferings, disease, old age and death.

A

buddhism

70
Q

His life was devoted to sharing his “Dharma” or Law of Salvation

A

Siddharta Gautama or buddha

71
Q

a simple presentation of
the gospel of inner cultivation of right spiritual attitudes, coupled with a self-imposed
discipline whereby bodily desires would be channeled in the right direction.

A

dharma

72
Q

dharma means

A

law of salvation

73
Q

four noble truths (readings)

A

life is full of suffering; suffering is caused by passionate desires, lusts, and cravings; only as these are obliterated, will suffering cease; the eradication of desire may be accomplished only by following the eightfold path of earnest endeavor

74
Q

eightfold path (readings)

A

RIGHT belief in; aspiration; speech; conduct; means; endeavor; mindfulness; meditation

75
Q

-Lies through self-abnegation, right discipline of mind and body, a consuming love for all
living creatures, and the final achievement of that state of consciousness which marks an
individual’s full preparation for entering the NIRVANA (enlightened wisdom) of complete
selflessness.

A

way to salvation

76
Q

nirvana means

A

enlightened wisdom

77
Q

Buddhism stresses the cultivation of wisdom and discernment

A

REFRAIN FROM destroying life; taking what is not given; misuse of the senses; wrong speech; taking drugs or drinks that tend to cloud the mind

78
Q

in christianity, philosophy is

A

love of god

79
Q

-Teachings of Christianity are based on the

A

love of god

80
Q

as presenting the full revelation of the true God, is the only full and true philosophy

A

christianity

81
Q

Augustine’s view of humanity

A

man as a rational soul using a mortal body (platonic view); man is a rational substance constituted of soul and body

82
Q

the soul may be considered as a

A

substance (according to augustine)

83
Q

freed from anger and bitter vs. the hardness of the heart that is
reinforced by whole series of rational arguments.

A

forgiveness

84
Q

There is perfection – in every single flower, for a hug, for every sunrise and sunset, to eat
together as a family, are our miracles.
Truly, moments of grace. Touch us deeply and the human heart is spontaneously lifted
During this experience, we need to offer praise.

A

beauty of nature

85
Q

-without acknowledging the help of others, is to live without meaning and direction. Such
moments of poverty and dependence on others are not a sign of weakness but being
true with ourselves.

A

vulnerability

86
Q

force us to confront our weaknesses and limitations and force us to surrender to
a mystery or look upon a bigger world. Such acceptance of our failures gives us hope and
trust that all can be brought into good.

A

failures

87
Q

can be rooted from our sense of vulnerability and fear of death. But it is our
choice to live in an impossible world where we are always happy.

A

loneliness

88
Q

is to experience richness, positivity and transcendence.

A

love

101PHILO (1) (11 decks)

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