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101PHILO (1) > Lesson 4.5: Most Notable Ancient Greek Philosophers > Flashcards

Lesson 4.5: Most Notable Ancient Greek Philosophers Flashcards

1
Q

most notable ancient greek philosophers

A

socrates, plato, aristotle, thales of miletus, pythagoras, heraclitus, parmenides, empedocles, democritus, epicurus, zeno of citium, diogenes of sinope,

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2
Q

known primarily through the accounts of later classical writers, particularly his student Plato.

A

socrates

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3
Q

He engaged in a method of dialectical questioning to stimulate critical thinking and self-examination.

A

socrates

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4
Q

He believed in the pursuit of ethical virtue and the importance of knowing oneself.

A

socrates

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5
Q

why was socrates put on trial and sentenced to death

A

corrupting the youth and introducing new gods

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6
Q

how did socrates die

A

accepting his punishment and drank hemlock (a poison)

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7
Q

a prolific writer and his dialogues feature Socrates as the main character in many of them.

A

plato

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8
Q

He explored a wide range of subjects, from ethics to metaphysics.

A

plato

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9
Q

plato created the

A

theory of forms

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10
Q

suggests that there is a realm of perfect, unchanging concepts or forms that underlie the imperfect physical world.

A

theory of forms

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11
Q

plato made

A

“Republic” and “Phaedo”

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12
Q

Republic discussed

A

justice and the ideal state

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13
Q

Phaedo explore the

A

nature of the soul and immortality

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14
Q

studied under Plato and became a tutor to Alexander the Great.

A

aristotle

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15
Q

aristotle studied under

A

plato

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16
Q

aristotle become a tutor for

A

alexander the great

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17
Q

aristotle developed the

A

systematic approach to logic; nicomachean ethics, metaphysics

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18
Q

foundation of Western logic.

A

systematic approach to logic

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19
Q

nicomachean ethics delves into

A

virtue ethics and the pursuit of eudaimonia

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20
Q

eudaimonia stands for

A

flourishing

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21
Q

explored the nature of reality, and his empirical approach laid groundwork for natural sciences.

A

aristotle’s metaphysics

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22
Q

considered one of the first philosophers because he sought natural explanations for phenomena instead of relying on myths.

A

thales of miletus

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23
Q

what did thales propose as the fundamental substance from which all things arise

A

water

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24
Q

founded a mystical and philosophical school known as Pythagoreanism.

A

pythagoras

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25
Q

pythagoras founded

A

pythagoreanism

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26
Q

what did pythagoras believe was the foundation of reality

A

mathematics and numbers

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27
Q

what else did pythagoras create

A

pythagorean theorem

28
Q

Heraclitus is known for

A

his doctrine of change, emphasizing that everything is in a state of flux

29
Q

heraclitus famously said

A

you cannot step into the same river twice

30
Q

what did heraclitus believe was fundamental to the nature of reality

A

change

31
Q

heraclitus believed that unity is found in

A

the tension of opposites

32
Q

parmenides proposed that reality is

A

unchanging and that change is an illusion

33
Q

parmenides argued that the true nature of reality is

A

single, unchanging, and eternal being

34
Q

where did parmenides present his ideas

A

poem called “On Nature”

35
Q

Empedocles introduced the concept of

A

four classical elements (earth, water, air, fire)

36
Q

the building blocks of the physical world.

A

four classical elements

37
Q

empedocles believed that the four classical elements were influenced by two cosmic forces which are

A

love (attraction) and strife (repulsion)

38
Q

Democritus is known for his

A

atomic theory

39
Q

proposed that everything is composed of indivisible and indestructible particles called atoms.

A

atomic theory

40
Q

atomic theory states that

A

everything is composed of indivisible and indestructible particles called atoms

41
Q

democritus believed that reality could be explained through

A

interactions of atoms in an infinite void

42
Q

Epicurus founded

A

Epicureanism

43
Q

a philosophy that emphasized seeking happiness (ataraxia) through the avoidance of pain and the cultivation of simple pleasures.

A

epicureanism

44
Q

ataraxia means

A

happiness

45
Q

epicurus believed that

A

gods existed but were distant and uninterested in human affairs

46
Q

Zeno founded

A

stoicism

47
Q

a philosophy that stressed living in accordance with nature, cultivating virtue, and practicing self-control.

A

stoicism

48
Q

stoics believed that

A

enduring hardships with dignity and embracing challenges as opportunities for growth

49
Q

Diogenes was a

A

cynic philosopher

50
Q

was a Cynic philosopher who rejected social norms and material possessions.

A

diogenes

51
Q

diogenes sought to

A

live a simply life in accordance with nature and challenged conventions through his actions and teachings

52
Q

why is there a need to philosophize

A

critical thinking; questioning assumptions; ethical reflection; clarity of thought; metaphysical exploration; self-understanding; cultural insights; resolving conflicts; guidance in life; advancing knowledge

53
Q

Philosophy encourages critical examination of beliefs, leading to a deeper understanding of concepts and ideas.

A

critical thinking

54
Q

It challenges assumptions and preconceived notions, fostering intellectual growth and openness to new perspectives.

A

questioning assumptions

55
Q

Philosophical inquiry helps individuals develop a coherent ethical framework and make well-reasoned moral decisions.

A

ethical reflection

56
Q

Philosophy refines communication skills and helps express complex ideas with clarity and precision.

A

clarity of thought

57
Q

It delves into questions about reality, existence, and the nature of the universe, expanding our understanding of the world.

A

metaphysical exploration

58
Q

Philosophical reflection aids in understanding personal values, beliefs, and motivations.

A

self-understanding

59
Q

Philosophical exploration of cultural and historical ideas enhances cross-cultural understanding.

A

cultural insights

60
Q

Philosophical methods can aid in resolving conflicts by fostering rational dialogue and empathy.

A

resolving conflicts

61
Q

Philosophical frameworks offer guidance in navigating life’s challenges and complexities.

A

guidance in life

62
Q

Philosophy contributes to the advancement of human knowledge by addressing fundamental questions and promoting intellectual curiosity.

A

advancing knowledge

63
Q

about understanding how everything fits together to give us a better understanding of the world.

A

holistic thinking

64
Q

about being really good at one thing but possibly missing how it fits with everything else.

A

partial thinking

65
Q
A

101PHILO (1) (11 decks)

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