Lesson 5.1: Methods of Philosophizing

Question 1

the study of how we acquire and validate knowledge.

Answer 1

epistemology

Question 2

purpose of epistemology

Answer 2

acquisition and validation OF KNOWLEDGE

Question 3

two main ways to acquire knowledge

Answer 3

empiricism and rationalism

Question 4

Gaining knowledge through senses (seeing, hearing, touching).

Answer 4

empiricism

Question 5

Using reason and logic to understand concepts.

Answer 5

rationalism

Question 6

Experiencing reality through senses.

Answer 6

perception

Question 7

Grouping similar things to form concepts.

Answer 7

concepts

Question 8

Statements that assert or deny something.

Answer 8

propositions

Question 9

Using arguments (premises and conclusion) to demonstrate truth.

Answer 9

inference

Question 10

Determine if what we know is true knowledge.

Answer 10

validating knowledge

Question 11

How we gain knowledge.

Answer 11

acquisition of knowledge

Question 12

Methods to check if our knowledge is true.

Answer 12

validation of knowledge

Question 13

Trace steps back through perception, concept, proposition, and inference.

Answer 13

reduction

Question 14

True knowledge rests on

Answer 14

sense perception

Question 15

methods to determine truth

Answer 15

sense perception; proof; consensus; testing through action

Question 16

Directly observe through senses.

Answer 16

sense perception

Question 17

Logical process based on sensory evidence.

Answer 17

proof

Question 18

General agreement (with limitations).

Answer 18

consensus

Question 19

Test beliefs in practice.

Answer 19

testing through action

Question 20

refers to statements or facts that are objectively verifiable and consistent with reality.

Answer 20

truth

Question 21

truth is not influenced by

Answer 21

personal feelings or interpretations

Question 22

truth can be confirmed through

Answer 22

evidence

Question 23

truths remain

Answer 23

constant regardless of personal beliefs or opinions

Question 24

refers to personal beliefs, interpretations, or judgments.

Answer 24

opinions

Question 25

opinions are

Answer 25

subjective

Question 26

opinions can vary

Answer 26

from person to person

Question 27

They are based on individual perspectives and experiences and are not necessarily supported by objective evidence.

Answer 27

opinion

Question 28

what distinguishes between truth and opinion

Answer 28

critical thinking; effective communication; respectful dialogue; informed decision-making

Question 29

It helps in evaluating information critically, ensuring that one’s beliefs and decisions are based on facts rather than unfounded opinions.

Answer 29

critical thinking

Question 30

It fosters clearer communication by distinguishing factual statements from personal beliefs, reducing misunderstandings.

Answer 30

effective communication

Question 31

Recognizing opinions as subjective encourages respect for differing perspectives and promotes constructive discussions.

Answer 31

respectful dialogue

Question 32

Decisions, especially in public policy, law, and personal choices, are better made when grounded in verified truths.

Answer 32

informed decision-making

Question 33

theories of truth

Answer 33

correspondence; coherence; pragmatist THEORY

Question 34

A statement is true if it accurately describes reality.

Answer 34

correspondence theory of truth

Question 35

A belief is true if it is consistent with other beliefs or knowledge systems.

Answer 35

coherence theory of truth

Question 36

A belief is true if it proves useful or works in practice.

Answer 36

pragmatist theory of truth

Question 37

in correspondence theory, truth

Answer 37

matches reality

Question 38

in coherence theory, truth

Answer 38

is consistent with other beliefs

Question 39

in pragmatist theory, truth

Answer 39

is what works in practice