Lesson 4: History of Philosophy

Question 1

four major stages in philosophy

Answer 1

pre-socratic, ancient, modern, contemporary PHILOSOPHY

Question 2

a group of thinkers who existed in ancient Greece before the time of Socrates

Answer 2

pre-socratic philosophers

Question 3

age of socrates

Answer 3

470-399 BCE

Question 4

They paved the way for the development of Western philosophy and played a crucial role in shaping the fundamental questions and concepts that would be tackled by subsequent philosophers.

Answer 4

pre-socratic philosophy

Question 5

One of the key characteristics of Pre-Socratic philosophy was

Answer 5

its emphasis on the natural world and the search for explanations about its workings

Question 6

pre-socratic philosophers were concerned with understanding the

Answer 6

nature of reality; origins of the universe; underlying principles that govern everything

Question 7

pre-socratic philosophers sought

Answer 7

explanations based on observations, reason, and speculation rather than resorting to mythology or religious beliefs

Question 8

refers to the period of philosophical thought that emerged in ancient Greece and continued until the fall of the Roman Empire.

Answer 8

ancient philosophy

Question 9

It laid the foundation for Western philosophical thought and influenced various aspects of human knowledge, including ethics, politics, metaphysics, and epistemology.

Answer 9

ancient philosophy

Question 10

One of the key aspects of ancient philosophy is the

Answer 10

emphasis on rational inquiry and critical thinking

Question 11

Ancient philosophers sought to understand the

Answer 11

nature of reality, purpose of human existence, nature of knowledge itself

Question 12

ancient philosophers rejected

Answer 12

traditional myths and superstitions

Question 13

ancient philosophers relied on

Answer 13

reason and logical arguments to arrive at their conclusions

Question 14

One of the earliest and most influential ancient philosophers was

Answer 14

socrates

Question 15

socrates is known for

Answer 15

socratic method

Question 16

socrates’ method of questioning

Answer 16

socratic method

Question 17

aimed to stimulate critical thinking and self-discovery.

Answer 17

socratic method

Question 18

sought to uncover universal truths and believed that self-knowledge was the key to leading a virtuous life.

Answer 18

socrates

Question 19

refers to the philosophical thought and ideas that emerged during the 17th to 19th centuries.

Answer 19

modern philosophy

Question 20

the modern philosophy witnessed

Answer 20

significant advancements in science, politics, and technology

Question 21

what did significant advancements in science, politics, and technology do to modern philosophy

Answer 21

influenced the way philosophers approached fundamental questions about knowledge, existence, and nature of reality

Question 22

One of the key developments in modern philosophy was the

Answer 22

shift towards empiricism and rationalism

Question 23

argued that knowledge is derived from sensory experience and that all ideas come from external stimuli

Answer 23

empiricists (empiricism)

Question 24

examples of empiricists

Answer 24

john locke and david hume

Question 25

emphasized the role of reason and innate knowledge in understanding the world.

Answer 25

rationalists (rationalism)

Question 26

examples of rationalists

Answer 26

rené descartes and immanuel kant

Question 27

Descartes’ philosophy centered around

Answer 27

skepticism and the search for a foundation of knowledge

Question 28

who proposed the cogito argument

Answer 28

descartes

Question 29

descartes proposed the

Answer 29

cogito statement

Question 30

what does the cogito statement say

Answer 30

“I think, therefore I am”

Question 31

provided a starting point for developing a system of knowledge based on reason.

Answer 31

cogito statement

Question 32

One significant area of contemporary philosophy is

Answer 32

moral and political philosophy

Question 33

contemporary philosophers explore questions about the

Answer 33

nature of moral values, ethical principles, and how they guide individual/collective actions

Question 34

contemporary philosopher discussions often touch upon issues such as

Answer 34

human rights, justice, equality, responsibility of individuals and governments towards social and enviromental well-being