Lesson 6: Clostridium species

Question 1

Clostridium species

Answer 1

• endospore produced anaerobic
• motile (except C. perfringens)
• colonies of C. perfringens surrounded by zones of double haemolysis
• present in soil, in alimentary tracts

Question 2

a neurotoxin type of clostridial infection which affects many species including humans.

Answer 2

Tetanus

Question 3

are highly susceptible in Tetanus

Answer 3

Horses and Humans

Question 4

are moderately susceptible in Tetanus

Answer 4

Ruminant and pigs

Question 5

are comparatively resistant

Answer 5

carnivores

Question 6

are not susceptible to tetanus

Answer 6

Poultry

Question 7

aetiological agent

Answer 7

clostridium tetani

Question 8

straight, slender, anaerobic, gram-positive rod with spherical endospores at the terminal part of the cells which imparts a characteristic ‘drumstick’ appearance to sporulated organisms

Answer 8

clostridium tetani

Question 9

is haemolytic on blood agar (in vitro) due to the production of tetanolysin

Answer 9

clostridium tetani

Question 10

Which also hasten the replication of the clostridial organisms in the tissues (in vivo)

Answer 10

tetanolysin

Question 11

which is responsible for the clinical signs of tetanus, is antigenically uniform, and can be neutralized by antibodies

Answer 11

neurotoxin tetanospasmin

Question 12

spasm of masticatory muscles may lead to?

Answer 12

lockjaw

Question 13

generalized muscle stiffness can result in a stance especially in horses

Answer 13

saw-horse

Question 14

incubation period of tetanus is usually between?

Answer 14

5-10 days (to 3 weeks)

Question 15

a serious, potentially fatal intoxication usually acquired by ingestion of pre-formed neurotoxin caused botulinum

Answer 15

Botulism

Question 16

anaerobic gram-positive rod that produces oval, subterminal endospores

Answer 16

Clostridium botulinum

Question 17

Toxico-infectious botulism has been reported in animals!

Answer 17

• Foals (shaker foal syndrome)
• Equine ( equine grass sickness)
• Pups
• Broiler chickens and turkey poults
• Toxico-infectious botulism is due to use of contaminated needles

Question 18

Toxico-infectious botulism is may be due to use of contaminated needles which inadvertently introduce spore of ________________ during subcutaneous injection of drugs, germinate and produce toxin

Answer 18

C. botulinum

Question 19

cause most outbreaks of botulism in domestic animals

Answer 19

Clostridium botulinum types C and D

Question 20

animals that involve in Clostridium botulinum types C and D

Answer 20

waterfowl, cattle, horses, sheep, mink, poultry, farmed fish

Question 21

are relatively resistant to the neuro toxins

Answer 21

pigs and dogs

Question 22

rare in domestic cats

Answer 22

botulism

Question 23

an acute disease of cattle and sheep caused by C. chauvoei, occurs worldwide

Answer 23

blackleg

Question 24

exogenous necrotizing soft-tissue infections

Answer 24

malignant edema and gas gangrene

Question 25

an abomasitis of sheep, is caused by the exotoxins of C. septicum which occurs in winter during periods of heavy frost or snow

Answer 25

Braxy

Question 26

black disease, which relates to the dark discoloration of the skin observed at post-mortem examination

Answer 26

infections necrotic hepatitis

Question 27

is an acute disease that affects sheep and occasionally cattle

Answer 27

infectious necrotic hepatitis

Question 28

replicating in liver tissue and produce exotoxins which causes hepatic necrosis

Answer 28

C. novyi type B

Question 29

an endogenous infection which occurs primarily in cattle and occasionally in sheep caused C. haemolyticum

Answer 29

Bacillary haemoglobinuria

Question 30

a phospholipase produced by vegetative cells. causes intravascular haemolysis in addition to hepatic necrosis

Answer 30

a toxin

Question 31

a major clinical feature of the disease. is a consequence of extensive red cell destruction

Answer 31

haemoglobinuria