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General Veterinary Microbiology Lecture > Lesson 6: CLASSIFICATION OF BACTERIA > Flashcards

Lesson 6: CLASSIFICATION OF BACTERIA Flashcards

1
Q

heterogeneous group of several distinct classes of living beings.

A

Microorganisms

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2
Q

bacteria and blue-green algae belong to a group called

A

Prokaryotes

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2
Q

bacteria and blue-green algae belong to a kingdom called

A

Protista

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2
Q

Difference between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic membrane bound organelles

A

Prokaryotes: Absent

Eukaryotes: Present. Includes mitochondria, chloroplasts (plants), lysosomes

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3
Q

fungi, other algae, slime molds and protozoa belong to a group called

A

Eukaryotes

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3
Q

Difference between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Nucleus

A

Prokaryotes: absent, No nuclear Envelope

Eukaryotes: Present with nuclear envelope and nucleolus

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3
Q

Difference between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Chromosomes (DNA)

A

Prokaryotes: Single coiled chromosome in cytoplasm ‘nucleoid’ region in association with ‘histone-like’ proteins

Eukaryotes: Multiple linear chromosomes with histone proteins

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4
Q

Difference between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cell wall

A

Prokaryotes: Eubacteria have a cell wall of peptidoglycan Archaea have cell walls of Pseudomurein

Eukaryotes: No cell wall in animal cells Plant cell walls is cellulose Fungal cell walls is chitin

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4
Q

Difference between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Ribosomes

A

Prokaryotes: 70s

Eukaryotes: 80S. Both free in cytoplasm and attached to rough E.R. 70S in mitochondria and chloroplasts

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4
Q

Difference between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic mitotic division

A

Prokaryotes: absent

Eukaryotes: present

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4
Q

Difference between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic mitochondria

A

Prokaryotes: Absent

Eukaryotes: Present

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4
Q

Difference between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Flagella

A

Prokaryotes: Free in cytoplasm when present consist of protein flagellin

Eukaryotes: consist of 9+2 arrangement of microtubules

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4
Q

Difference between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cytoplasmic membrane lipids

A

Prokaryotes: Eubacteria - Fatty acids joined to glycerol by ester linkage
Archaea - Hydrocarbons joined to glycerol by ether linkage

Eukaryotes: fatty acids joined to glycerol by ester linkage

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4
Q

Difference between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Lysosomes

A

Prokaryotes: Absent

Eukaryotes: Present

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4
Q

Difference between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Golgi Apparatus

A

Prokaryotes: Absent
Eukaryotes: Present

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4
Q

Difference between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

Prokaryotes: Absent

Eukaryotes: Present

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4
Q

helps in identification of organisms according to groups based on its common characteristics and traits hence distinguishing one organism from another.

A

Classification

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5
Q

Classification according to mode of nutrition

A

Phototrophs
Chemotrophs
Autotrophs
Heterotrophs

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5
Q

two groups of Phototrophs on the basis of source of electron

A

Photolithotrophs and Photoorganotrophs

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5
Q

bacteria that uses reduced inorganic compounds such
as H2S as electron source.

A

Photolithotrophs

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5
Q

bacteria which gain energy from light

A

Phototrophs

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6
Q

uses organic compounds such as succinate as
electron source.

A

Photoorganotrophs

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6
Q

bacteria which gain energy from chemical compounds and cannot carry out photosynthesis

A

Chemotrophs

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7
Q

two groups of Chemotrophs on the basis of source of electron:

A

Chemolithotrophs and Chemoorganotrophs

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8
Q

nonpathogenic, free-living bacteria which uses solar energy or carbon dioxide as sole source of carbon to prepare its own food

A

Autotrophs

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8
Q

they gain energy from oxidation of chemical compound and reduces inorganic compounds such as NH3 as electron source.

A

Chemolithotrophs

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9
Q

they gain energy from chemical compounds and uses organic compound such as glucose and amino acids as source of electron.

A

Chemoorganotrophs

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9
Q

Autotrophs two type subdivision on the basis of energy utilization to assimilate carbon dioxide.

A

Photoautotrophs and Chemoautotrophs

10
Q

they utilized light to assimilate carbon dioxide.

A

Photoautotrophs

11
Q

Photoautotrophs two group on the basis of electron source

A

Photolithotropic autotrophs and Photoorganotropic autotrophs

12
Q

they utilize chemical energy for assimilation of
carbon dioxide.

A

Chemoautotrophs

13
Q

bacteria which uses organic compound as carbon source and lack the ability to

A

Heterotrophs

14
Q

bacteria that can grow even between 0°C to 30°C but optimum

A

Psychrotrophs (facultative psychrophiles)

14
Q

Classification According to optimum temperature requirement

A

Psychrophiles
Psychrotrophs
Mesophiles
Thermophiles
Hyperthermophiles

15
Q

bacteria that best grow above 45°C, contains saturated fatty acids in their cell membrane so their cell membrane does not become too fluid even at higher temperature, can survive pasteurization temp

A

Thermophiles

15
Q

bacteria that can grow at below 0°C to 20°C but the optimum temperature of growth is 15°C or below. It contains polyunsaturated fatty acids in their cell membrane which allows it to not freeze even at lower temperature hence it is a common contaminant in refrigerators.

A

Psychrophiles

15
Q

bacteria that can grow best between 25-40°C and optimum temperature for growth is 37°C

A

Mesophiles

16
Q

capable of growing in mesophilic range

A

Facultative thermophiles

17
Q

true thermophiles or Stenothermophiles

A

Obligate Thermophiles

18
Q

bacteria that have optimum temperature of growth above 80°C

A

Hyperthermophiles

19
Q

Classification according to optimal pH for growth

A

Acidophiles
Alkaliphiles
Neutrophiles

19
Q

bacteria that grows best at alkaline

A

Alkaliphiles

20
Q

bacteria that grows best at acid

A

Acidophiles

21
Q

bacteria that requires and cannot grow in the absence of oxygen

A

Obligate Aerobes

21
Q

bacteria that does not require NaCl but can tolerate low concentration of NaCl in growth medi

A

Halotolerant

21
Q

bacteria that grows best at neutral pH (6.5-7.5)

A

Neutrophiles

21
Q

bacteria that require high concentration of sodium chloride (NaCl) for growth.

A

Halophiles

21
Q

Classification According to salt requirement

A

Halophiles and Halotolerant

21
Q

Classification According to gaseous requirements

A

Obligate aerobes
Facultative anaerobes
Aerotolerant anaerobes
Microaerophiles
Obligate anaerobes
Capnophiles

22
Q

bacteria that do not require oxygen but can use it if available

A

Facultative Anaerobes

23
Q

bacteria that do not require but can tolerate the presence of oxygen for growth

A

aerotolerant Anaerobes

24
Q

bacteria that do not require but can tolerate low concentration of oxygen for growth

A

Microaerophiles

25
Q

bacteria that require carbon dioxide for growth

A

Capnophiles

25
Q

bacteria that can grow only in absence of oxygen

A

Obligate anaerobes

25
Q

Classification according to cell wall

A

Gram positive bacteria and Gram negative Bacteria

26
Q

cell wall of these bacteria is composed of peptidoglycan layer only. The cell wall retains the crystal fire lit or gram stain which appear violate in gram staining.

A

Gram Positive Bacteria

27
Q

Classification according to flagella

A

Monotrichous
Lophotrichous
Amphitrichous
Peritrichous
Atrichous

27
Q

cell wall of these bacteria is composed of Peptidoglycan and outer membrane. The cell wall does not retain the gram stain, but they take up the red color of the counter stain during Gram staining.

A

Gram Negative Bacteria

27
Q

bacteria with single flagellum in one end of cell.

A

Monotrichous

27
Q

bacteria having bundle of flagella in one end of cell.

A

Lophotrichous

27
Q

bacteria having single or cluster of flagella at both end of cell.

A

Amphitrichous

28
Q

Bacteria without flagella

28
Q

Bacteria having flagella evenly distributed around the cell surface.

A

Peritrichous

28
Q

Classification according to sphere

A

Spore forming bacteria and Non-spore forming bacteria

29
Q

produce spore during unfavorable condition

A

Spore forming bacteria

30
Q

Spore forming bacteria subdivided into two groups:

A

endospore forming bacteria and exospore forming bacteria

31
Q

spore produced within the bacterial cell.

A

endospore forming bacteria

31
Q

spore produced outside the cell

A

exospore forming bacteria

32
Q

those bacteria which do not produce spore

A

Non-spore forming bacteria

General Veterinary Microbiology Lecture (15 decks)

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