Lesson 1: INTODUCTION IN MICROBIOLOGY Flashcards

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1
Q

Translates to “the study of small life” where small life refers to microorganism or microbes.

A

Microbiology

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2
Q

Microscopic organisms that exist as cellular (or organisms) and acellular (or agents).

A

Microorganisms or microbes

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3
Q

One cell is the entire organism.

A

Unicellular organisms

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4
Q

Numerous cells can make up the entire organism.

A

Multicellular organisms

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5
Q

Under this category we have the bacteria,
the archaea, the fungi and the protists.

A

Cellular microbes

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6
Q

Viruses and other
infectious agents, such as prions and viroids which needs host cells in order to multiply.

A

Acellular microbes

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6
Q

Can infect and cause diseases on humans, plants, or animals.

A

Pathogenic microorganisms

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7
Q

Naturally present within a healthy body. It could be on the skin surface, within natural body cavities, in the gastrointestinal tract or reproductive tract.

A

Non-pathogenic microorganisms

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8
Q

Also called prokaryotes (no nuclear membrane); unicellular; enclosed in cell
walls rich in carbohydrates and peptidoglycan; divides by binary fission.

A

Bacteria

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9
Q

prokaryotic; cell walls lack peptidoglycan; found in extreme environments.

A

Archaea

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10
Q

Eukaryotic cell (with distinct nucleus); may be uni/multicellular.

A

Fungi

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11
Q

Photosynthetic eukaryotes; cell walls are made of cellulose (plant
carbohydrate).

A

Algae

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11
Q

Unicellular eukaryotic; move by appendages.

A

Protozoa

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11
Q

Although not strictly microorganisms, these organisms are microscopic in some stages of their development. Also use microbiological techniques in their diagnosis.

A

Multicellular animal parasites

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12
Q

Acellular microorganism; made either of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat, that is sometimes further encased in a lipid membrane; need host cells to reproduce.

A

Virus

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13
Q

a population
of microorganisms naturally present within a healthy body. It could be on the skin surface, within natural body cavities, in the gastrointestinal tract or reproductive tract.

A

Normal Micro flora

14
Q

Characteristics of Microorganisms

A
  1. Morphological characteristics
  2. Chemical Composition
  3. Cultural characteristics
  4. Metabolic characteristics
  5. Antigenic characteristics
  6. Genetic characteristics
  7. Pathogenecity
  8. Ecological characteristics
15
Q

chemical constituents of the cells

A

Chemical Composition

15
Q

cell shape, size (μm), and structure, special structures, cell arrangements, staining reactions and motility and flagellar arrangements.

A

Morphological Characteristics

15
Q

nutritional requirements and physical conditions required for
growth (temperature), and the manner in which growth occurs, type of culture
medium.

A

Cultural characteristics

16
Q

how cells obtain and use their energy, carry out chemical reactions, and regulate these reactions.

A

Metabolic Characteristics

16
Q

distinctive chemical components (antigens) of the microorganism

A

Antigenic Characteristics

17
Q

hereditary material of the cell.

A

Genetic Characteristics

18
Q

ability to cause disease of a microorganism

A

Pathogenecity

19
Q

habitat and distribution of microorganism in nature, andinteractions between and among species in natural environment

A

Ecological Characteristics