Lesson 5 Flashcards
The protozoal infection that involves the colon
Amoebiasis
It may spread to soft tissues, most commonly to liver and lungs by lymphatic dissemination
Amoebiasis
Where amoebiasis commonly spread at?
Liver and lungs
Etiologic agent of amoebiasis
Entamoeba histolytica
Amoebiasis is common in what climate
Warm climate
2 developmental stages of entamoeba histolytica
Trophozoite / vegetative form
Cyst
Facultative parasites that may invade the tissues or may be found in parasitized tissues and liquid colonic contents
Trophozoites / vegetative form
It is passed out with formed or semi-formed stools and is resistant to environmental conditions
Cyst
The infective stage in the life cycle of entamoeba histolytica
Cyst
The cyst is rapidly killed by _____
Putrefaction
Dessication
Temperatures below 5 and 40 degrees
Called the process of decation
Putrefaction
Drying up
Dessication
The source of infection of Amoebiasis
Human excreta
Period of communicability of E. Histolytica
Entire duration of the illness
E. Histolytica incubation period: sub-acute and chronic infection
Several months
E. Histolytica incubation period: severe infection
3 days
E. Histolytica incubation period: average
3 to 4 weeks
Mode of transmission for e. histolytica
Person to person through fecal-oral transmission
Direct contact through sexual contact
Another term for amoebiasis
Amoeba dysentery
Slight diarrhea, with periods of constipations and tenesmus
Acute amoebic dysentery
Attack of dysentery that lasts for several days, usually succeeded by constipation
Chronic amoebic dysentery
Extraintestinal form: Hepatic
Pain in the RUQ with tenderness in liver
Jaundice
Intermittent fever
Loss of weight or anorexia
Diagnostic exam for Amoebiasis / e. histolytica
Stool exam
Guaiac test
Blood exam
Proctosigmoidoscopy
A test to detect the presence of blood in the stool
Guaiac test
An internal examination of the lower large bowel, using an instrument
Proctosigmoidoscopy
Procedure used to see inside the sigmoid colon and rectum
Sigmoidoscopy
The S-shaped last part of the large intestine, leading to rectum
Sigmoid colon
Instrument used in proctosigmoidoscopy
Sigmoidoscope
Give antibiotics for amoebiasis
Metronidazole
Tetracyline
Ampicillin, quinolone, sulfadiazine
Contraindicated for children less than 2 years old could lead to gray baby syndrome
Chloramphenicol
An infection caused by Bacillus Anthracis
Anthrax
It occurs primarily in herbivores
Anthrax
Etiologic agent of Anthrax
Bacillus Anthracis
A large, spore forming, gram positive, rod shaped microorganism that us capsulated and non-motile
Bacillus Anthracis
Bacillus anthracis can survive for years in dry soil but can be destroyed by ________
Boiling for ten minutes
Human cases in anthrax are classified as
Agricultural cases
Industrial cases
It is associated with exposure to contaminated hides, goat hair, wool, or bone
Industrial cases
Results from contact with animals that are infected from bites or contaminated or infected flies
Agricultural cases
Mode of transmission for anthrax
Direct
Indirect
Airborne
Mode of transmission through inhalation of contaminated or
polluted air
Airborne
Mode of transmission through contact with infected animals or contaminated animal products
Direct
Mode of transmission through animal bites and ingestion of contaminated meat
Indirect
Types of anthrax
Cutaneous Anthrax
Inhalation Anthrax
Gastrointestinal Anthrax
Results from ingestion of inadequately cooked meat from animals with anthrax
Gastrointestinal Anthrax
Inhalation anthrax is also called as
Wool sorter’s disease
How many duration does a cutaneous anthrax have?
9 hours to 2 weeks
Complications of anthrax
Anthrax meningitis
Anthrax sepsis
Intense inflammation of meninges of the brain and spinal cord
Anthrax meningitis
Develops after lymphomatogenous spread of B. Anthacis from primary lesion
Anthrax sepsis
Spread of lymph vessels and blood vessels
Lymphohematogenous
Treatment of anthrax
Parenteral penicillin
Erythromycin
Tetracycline
Chloramphenicol
