Lesson 17 Flashcards
Characterized by repeated attacks of spasmodic coughing, which consists of a series of explosive expiration
Pertussis/whooping cough
It produces a crowing sound, the whoop, and usually followed by vomiting
Pertussis
Causative agent of pertussis
Bordetella Pertussis
Incubation period of Pertussis
7-14 days
Period of Communicability of Pertussis
7 days after exposure to three weeks after typical paroxysms
Mode of Transmission of Pertussis
Direct contact
Indirect contact
Droplet
Soiled linen and other articles contaminated by respiratory secretions
Source of infection of pertussis
Secretions from the nose and throat of the infected persons
Clinical manifestation of pertussis
Catarrhal Stage
Paroxysmal Stage
Convalescent Stage
Characterized by non-specific symptomatology where there is mucoid rhinorrhea, sneezing, lacrimation, and dry bronchial cough
Catarrhal stage
Cough becomes spasmodic and recurrent with excessive, explosive outbursts in a rapid series
Paroxysmal stage
Paroxysmal stage occurs on the ____ to _____ day
7th to 14th day
Gradual decrease in the paroxysms of coughing, both in frequency and severity
Convalescent stage
The most dangerous complication of pertussis
Bronchopneumonia
This is due to persistent vomiting
Malnutrition and starvation
Give complications of pertussis
Pneumonia
Atelectasis
Convulsion
Umbilical hernia
Otitis media
Bronchopneumonia
Diagnostic test for pertussis
Nasopharyngeal swab
Sputum culture
CBC includes leukocytosis
Treatment of pertussis
Supportive therapy
Antibiotic
Hyperimmune convalescent serum or gamma globulin
What are the supportive therapy
F and A replacement
Adequare nutrition
Oxygen therapy
Partial/complete lung collapse
Atelectasis
Middle ear infection
Otitis media
Prevention of pertussis
Isolation of 4 to 6 weeks from the onset of illness
DPT immunization
It is fatal in up 60% of unimmunized persons, death occurs with 10 days of onset
Tetanus
Causative agent of tetanus
Clostridium tetani
Produces a potent exotoxin with prominent systemic neuromuscular effects
Clostridium Tetani
Responsible for muscle spasms
Tetanospasmin
It is responsible for destruction of RBCS
Tetanolysin
Source of infection for tetanus
Animal and human feces
Soil and dust
Rusty materials, unsterile sutures, pins, and scissors
Neck and facial muscle rigidity
Trismus
Grinning expression
Risus sardonicus
Spasms of the muscles causing backward arching of the head, neck,and spine
Opisthotonos
What should be given within 72 hours post-exposure of tetanus
ATS
TAT
TIG
What are the treatment for tetanus
ATS TAT TIG
Tetanus toxoid
Pen G Na
Muscle relaxant
What are the prevention for Tetanus
Active immunization of tetanus toxoid for pregnant woman
Dpt for babies and children
Give non specific treatment for tetanus
NGT feeding
Tracheostomy
Wound care
Given after skin negative test
ATS (Tetanus Antitoxin)
How many ml given for tetanus toxoid
0.5 ml, IM
It has clear ampule
ATS
It has cloudy ampule
TT
Given after 3 days of exposure / 4 days onwards
TIG (tetanus immunoglobulin)
What are the vaccines given for first order
Ats (tetanus antitoxin)
TT (tetanus toxoid)
What is the ml of an ATS
1500 u
For adults 1500×3= 4500
