Lesson 4.5: Human Capacity for Culture Flashcards
that complex whole which encompasses beliefs,
practices, values, attitudes, laws, norms, artifacts, symbols, knowledge, and
everything that a person learns and shares as a member of a society
culture
It is by-product of the attempt of humans to survive their environment and
to compensate for their biological characteristics and limitations.
culture
a natural process of biological changes occurring in a
population across successive generations
evolution
It helps us identify
and analyze man’s physiological development and eventually the emergence of
different society
evolution
4 species in human biocultural evolution
hominids, homo habilis, homo erectus, homo sapiens
hominids means
manlike primates
homo habilis means
handy man
homo erectus means
the upright man
homo sapiens means
the thinking man
The development of the different species of primates
which were able to evolve in 40 million years ago
hominids
The apelike men who first to used stone tools as weapons
and protection of their enemies.
homo habilis
It was believed to be the first man like creature that lived
about 500,000 years ago in Asia, Africa and Europe.
homo erectus
This
manlike specie could walk straight with almost the same brain
with modern man. He made refined stone stools for hunting
and weapons for protection of the enemies.
homo erectus
It was believed that this was the direct descendant of
modern man who lived about 250,000 years ago. They had
similar physical descriptions with modern man.
homo sapiens
They
originated as the primitive men whose activities were largely
dependent on hunting, fishing and agriculture. They buried
their dead, used had tools and had religion.
homo sapiens
subspecies of homo sapiens
neanderthals and cro-magnon man
Discovered in Neanderthal valley
near Dusseldorf, Germany in 1856 who lived in cave
and dependent in hunting and fishing.
neanderthal man
Discovered by a French
archaeologist Louis Lartet in the Cro Magnon Cave in
Southern France. It was believed to live in Europe, Asia
and Africa. As a prehistoric man, they were the first to
produce art in cave paintings and crafting decorated
tools and accessories.
cro-magnon man
Four Biological Capacity of Human to Develop Culture
our thinking, gripping, speaking, and walking/standing CAPACITY
The primary biological component of humans that allowed
for culture is the developed brain.
our thinking capacity
The primary biological component of humans that allowed
for culture is the
developed brain
It has the necessary
parts for facilitating pertinent skills such as speaking,
touching, feeling, seeing, and smelling.
our thinking capacity
how heavy is the human brain
1.4kg
Due to the size of brain and the
complexity of its parts, humans were able to create survival
skills that helped them adapt to their environment and
outlive their less adaptive biological relatives.
our thinking capacity
Look at your hands. Notice how your thumb relates with
your other fingers. This capacity to directly oppose your
thumb with your other fingers is an exclusive trait of
humans. It allowed us to have a finger grip.
our gripping capacity
The hand of human has digits (fingers) that are straights,
as compared with the curved ones of the other primates.
Notice that the thumb of the human is proportionately
longer than those of other primates.
our gripping capacity
enabled humans to wrap the thumb and
fingers on an object; it became the cornerstone of our
capacity to hold tool firmly for hunting and other
activities.
power grip
enabled humans to hold and pick objects
steadily using fingers. This capacity was crucial for toolmaking activities.
precision grip
As the brain is the capacity source of humans’ capacity to comprehend sound and provide meaning to it, the vocal
tract acts as the mechanism by which sounds are produced
and reproduced to transmit ideas and values.
our speaking capacity
Primates have two forms of locomotion, which are
bipedalism and quadropedalism
the capacity to walk and
stand on two feet
bipedalism
uses all four
limbs
quadropedalism
Being bipedal, humans gained more capacity to move while
carrying objects with their free hands. It gave humans
more capacity or productivity with their hands like hunting
and foraging.
our walking/standing capacity
periods for cultural and sociopolitical development
paleolithic period, neolithic age, age of metals
Paleolithic period is known as
old stone age
neolithic age is known as
new stone age
era of paleolithic
3 million to 8,000 B.C.
neolithic age occurred sometime about
10,000 BCE
era of age of metals
4,000 B.C. - 1,500 B.C.
Use of simple pebble tools.
Paleolithic period
Learned to live in caves.
Paleolithic period
Discovered the use of fires.
Paleolithic period
Developed small sculptures; and monumental painting,
incised designs, and reliefs on the wall of caves.
Paleolithic period
Stone tools were shaped by polishing or grinding.
neolithic age
Settlement in permanent villages.
neolithic age
Dependence on domesticated plants or animals.
neolithic age
Appearance of such crafts as pottery and weaving.
neolithic age
The used of metal such as bronze, copper, and iron
produced a new historical development form cradles
civilization of Egypt, Mesopotamia, Persia, including
India and China which later on spread throughout
Asia
age of metals
It had already direct contacts through tribes,
kingdoms, empire and later on state which the
constant political activities were through conquest,
wars and trade
age of metals
The civilization which defines to a more developed
social, cultural, political and economic system.
age of metals
