Lesson 1: Nature, Goals and Perspectives of Anthropology, Sociology and Political Science Flashcards
culture, society, and politics today can be described as
different, diverse, and varied
emphasizes the contrasts between
groups or things.
different
highlights the range of options or forms
within a category.
varied
implies a wide range of differences,
often emphasizing richness and complexity.
diverse
Cultures possess unique customs, traditions, and
beliefs that set them apart from others.
different culture
Within a culture, there can be a range of expressions
and interpretations of traditions.
varied culture
A society with diverse cultures is characterized by a
rich tapestry of customs, languages, and worldviews.
diverse culture
the concept
of time varies widely across cultures.
different culture
Filipino cuisine
offers a varied palate, from Luzon dishes to Mindanao flavors.
varied culture
The United
States is often cited as a melting pot of diverse cultures.
diverse culture
Social groups can have distinct characteristics, such
as socioeconomic status, age, or gender.
different in society
Societies exhibit a range of social structures, from
hierarchical to egalitarian.
varied in society
A diverse society is composed of people from various
backgrounds, including ethnicity, religion, and sexual orientation.
This diversity enriches social life but can also lead to challenges if
not managed effectively.
diverse in society
the
challenges faced by different generations can be quite different.
different in society
social roles and
expectations can vary widely between rural and urban areas.
varied in society
Political parties, ideologies, and systems vary
significantly across countries.
different politics
Within a political system, there can be a range of
policies and approaches to governance.
varied politics
A politically diverse society is characterized by
multiple viewpoints and perspectives. This diversity can foster
robust debates and innovative solutions, but it can also lead to
political polarization if not managed carefully.
diverse politics
democratic,
authoritarian, and theocratic systems are fundamentally different.
different politics
different
political parties may have varied stances on economic policies.
varied politics
interpretations are
not easy at all
interpretations require
time, resources, level of understanding, process, researching, analysis, relevance, validity
by using time, resources, level of understanding, process, researching, analysis, relevance, validity, you are
studying
studying =
science
in science, you study
social phenomena, social concepts, cultural attributes, political identity
in science, there is a branch callled
social science
social science in general studies
societal relationships
why do we study societal relationships
humans are social beings
terms under “humans are social beings”
communication; tradition and practices; thinking; tools; organizations; relationships; nature
social science is a
multidisciplinary on manner
main branches of social science
anthropology, sociology, political science
the holistic study of humankind,
exploring the biological and cultural aspects of
humanity across time and space.
anthropology
anthropology seeks to understand
complexities of human existence from our evolutionary origins
under anthropology, we stuy
human behavior, biology, civilizations, and origin
goals of anthropology
understand human diversity; explore human origins/evolution; investigate relationship between humans and their environment;; promote cross-cultural understanding; apply anthropological knowledge to solve contemporary problems
Anthropology
strives to comprehend the vast array of human cultures,
societies, and biological variations.
understand human diversity
By
studying fossils, genetics, and primate behavior,
anthropologists seek to unravel the story of humankind’s
development.
explore human origins and evolution
Anthropologists examine how people
adapt to and modify their surroundings, both physically
and culturally.
investigate relationship between humans and their environments
By studying
different cultures, anthropology fosters respect and
appreciation for diverse ways of life.
promote cross-cultural understanding
Anthropologists contribute to
addressing issues such as poverty, inequality, and
environmental challenges.
apply anthropological knowledge to solve contemporary problems
perspective of anthropology
holistic perspective; cultural relativism; ethnocentrism; comparative method; fieldwork
anthropology considers all aspects of human life—biological, cultural,
social, and linguistic—to understand the whole picture. This
approach is essential for comprehending the complex
interplay of factors that shape human experiences.
holistic perspective
Understanding cultures on their own
terms, without judgment based on one’s own cultural
standards.
cultural relativism
The tendency to view one’s own culture
as superior to others.
ethnocentrism
anthropologists strive to avoid ___ in their research
ethnocentrism
Comparing different cultures and
societies to identify patterns and variations in human
behavior.
comparative method
Direct, firsthand observation and interaction
with the people being studied.
fieldwork
key personalities in anthropology
charles darwin; edward burnett tylor; franz boas; henry otley beyer
theory of evolution
charles darwin
he studied/known for the progression of civilization
edward burnett tylor
father of modern anthropology
franz boas
father of philippine anthropology
henry otley beyer
the systematic study of human society
and social interaction.
sociology
sociology examines the
structure, development, and functions of human groups/organizations/institutions
Sociologists explore the
patterns, processes, and consequences of social behavior
sociologists focus on
how individuals are influenced by and contribute to the social world
sociology studies
family, social structure, society, social change, social phenomena
goals of sociology
understand society, explain social behavior, promote social change, empower individuals
Sociologists aim to
comprehend the underlying structures and forces that
shape social life, including social institutions, cultural
norms, and social inequalities.
understand society
By examining patterns of
social interaction, sociologists seek to understand why
people act as they do in different social contexts.
explain social behavior
Sociology often involves
critical analysis of social problems and the development
of solutions to improve society.
promote social change
By understanding the social
forces that influence their lives, individuals can become
more informed and active participants in shaping their
communities.
empower individuals
key personalities in sociology
auguste comte, emile durkheim
father of sociology
auguste comte
integrated empirical research to social analysis
emile durkheim
empirical means based on experience kind of research (not logic)
perspective of sociology
structural functionalism; conflict theory; symbolic interactionism; feminist theory
This perspective views society as a
complex system of interconnected parts, each contributing to overall
stability.
structural functionalism
This perspective emphasizes social inequality
and power struggles as the driving forces of social change.
conflict theory
This perspective focuses on how
individuals create and interpret shared meanings through social
interaction.
symbolic interactionism
This perspective examines gender as a central
organizing principle of society and seeks to understand gender
inequality.
feminist theory
the systematic study of government, politics,
and political power.
political science
political science examines the
theory and practice of politics
focuses on the
institutions, processes, and behaviors associated with governance.
political science
The discipline seeks to understand how power is acquired,
exercised, and challenged within different political systems.
political science
what is under political science
governance, decision-making, thinking
goals of political science
understand political phenomena; analyze political systems; develop political theories; inform public policy; promote good governance
Political scientists strive
to explain and predict political events, behaviors, and outcomes.
understand political phenomena
They examine the structure,
functions, and performance of different forms of government.
analyze political systems
Political scientists contribute to
the development of frameworks for understanding political life.
develop political theories
By analyzing policy options
and their potential consequences, political scientists
contribute to the policy-making process.
inform public policy
Political science seeks
to understand the principles and practices of effective
governance.
promote good governance
key personalities in political science
plato and aristotle
known for the republic
plato
he said “man is a political animal”
aristotle
perspectives of political science
family, gender, religion, race/geographical location; social classes
importance of social science
improvement of the discipline as one of the sources of knowledge; deepen understanding about humanity and its role to the world; understanding the uniqueness of different culture of the world; improvement of society; enrichment of our skills
