Lesson 4: Sociocultural Evolution

Question 1

stages in the evolution of society

Answer 1

paleolithic → mesolithic → neolithic → metallic STAGE

Question 2

paleolithic stage is also known as the

Answer 2

old stone age

Question 3

mesolithic stage is also known as the

Answer 3

period of transitional culture

Question 4

neolithic stage is also known as the

Answer 4

the polished stone age

Question 5

men used unpolished & crude stones as tool implements

Answer 5

paleolithic stage

Question 6

the first metal used as a tool for implements

Answer 6

copper

Question 7

copper was the first metal used as a tool for implements

Answer 7

metallic stage

Question 8

are theories of cultural
and social evolution that describe how cultures
and societies change over time.

Answer 8

sociocultural evolution

Question 9

“the process by which structural
reorganization is affected through time, eventually
producing a form or structure which is qualitatively
different from the ancestral form

Answer 9

sociocultural evolution

Question 10

defined societies in terms
of their technological sophistication.

Answer 10

sociologist Gerhard Lenski

Question 11

year of sociologist Gerhard Lenski

Answer 11

1924

Question 12

As a society
advances, so does

Answer 12

its use of technology

Question 13

societies can be defined in terms of their

Answer 13

technological sophistication

Question 14

2 theories of socio-cultural & political evolution

Answer 14

unilineal evolution and natural evolution theory

Question 15

unilineal evolution theory was created by

Answer 15

Atty. Lewis Henry Morgan

Question 16

where did Atty. Lewis Henry Morgan state unilineal evolution theory

Answer 16

his book The Ancient Society

Question 17

natural evolution theory was created by

Answer 17

charles darwin

Question 18

where did charles darwin state natural evolution theory

Answer 18

his book The Origin of Species & Descent in Man

Question 19

holds that all human life passes through
different stages –from most primitive to
most civilized or human social organization
evolved through series of stages

Answer 19

unilineal evolution theory

Question 20

7 stages of unilineal evolution theory

Answer 20

lower, middle, upper SAVAGERY; lower, middle, upper BARBARISM, civilized world

Question 21

Organism compete with one another
over space, food, & other things for
survival, or avoid being eaten, resist
diseases or become parasites..

Answer 21

natural evolution theory

Question 22

The species which are not fit for survival or not better adapted to environmental conditions die or eliminated.

Answer 22

natural selection process/ natural evolution theory

Question 23

it holds that living things descended from simple forms of organisms and that man descended from apes

Answer 23

natural selection process/ natural evolution theory

Question 24

struggle for existence and the elimination of the unfit

Answer 24

natural selection process/ natural evolution theory

Question 25

the earliest form of society.

Answer 25

hunting and gathering societies

Question 26

the members survive primarily by hunting, trapping, fishing, and gathering edible plants. The majority of the members' time is spent looking for and gathering food.

Answer 26

hunting and gathering societies

Question 27

what are the society's primary institution in hunting and gathering societies

Answer 27

family

Question 28

Family determines the

Answer 28

distribution of food and how to socialize children

Question 29

societies in hunting and gathering societies are

Answer 29

small compared to others, with less than 50 members

Question 30

Hunting and gathering societies are

Answer 30

nomadic

Question 31

nomadic meaning

Answer 31

they move constantly in order to find food and water

Question 32

Members of hunting and gathering societies are

Answer 32

mutually dependent upon each other

Question 33

there is a _________ among the members of hunting and gathering societies

Answer 33

equal division of labor

Question 34

Although there is an equal division of labor among the members of hunting and gathering societies, there is a

Answer 34

division of labor based on sex

Question 35

in hunting and gathering societies, men are typically responsible for

Answer 35

hunting

Question 36

in hunting and gathering societies, women are typically

Answer 36

gatherers

Question 37

rely on the domestication of animals as a resource for survival.

Answer 37

pastoral societies

Question 38

groups were able to breed livestock for food, clothing, and transportation, and they created a surplus of goods.

Answer 38

pastoral societies

Question 39

pastoral societies are also known as

Answer 39

herding societies

Question 40

pastoral societies remained

Answer 40

nomadic

Question 41

why did pastoral societies remain nomadic

Answer 41

they were forced to follow their animals to fresh feeding grounds

Question 42

formed in areas where rainfall and other conditions allowed them to grow stable crops.

Answer 42

horticultural societies

Question 43

They were similar to hunter gatherers in that they largely depended on the environment for survival, but since they didn’t have to abandon their location to follow resources, they were able to start permanent settlements. This created more stability and more material goods and became the basis for the first revolution in human survival.

Answer 43

horticultural societies

Question 44

relied on permanent tools for survival. Farmers learned to rotate the types of crops grown on their fields and to reuse waste products such as fertilizer, which led to better harvests and bigger surpluses of food. New tools for digging and harvesting were made of metal, human settlements grew into towns and cities, and particularly bountiful regions became centers of trade and commerce.

Answer 44

agricultural societies

Question 45

agricultural societies became referred to as the

Answer 45

dawn of civilization

Question 46

Craftspeople were able to support themselves through the production of creative, decorative, or thoughtprovoking aesthetic objects and writings.

Answer 46

agricultural societies

Question 47

tasks that had until this point required months of labor became achievable in a matter of days.

Answer 47

industrial society

Question 48

what began appearing everywhere in industry society

Answer 48

steam power

Question 49

people turned to textile mills that produced fabric quickly at a better price and often with better quality.

Answer 49

industrial society

Question 50

farmers were able to purchase mechanical seeders and threshing machines that caused agricultural productivity to soar.

Answer 50

industrial society

Question 50

Products such as paper and glass became available to the average person, and the quality and accessibility of education and health care soared.

Answer 50

industrial society

Question 51

Gas lights allowed increased visibility in the dark, and towns and cities developed a nightlife.

Answer 51

industrial society

Question 52

societies based on the production of information and services.

Answer 52

post-industrial societies

Question 53

post-industrial societies are also known as

Answer 53

digital or information SOCIETIES

Question 54

the steam engine of information societies and computer moguls such as Steve Jobs and Bill Gates D.

Answer 54

digital technology

Question 55

computer moguls include

Answer 55

steve jobs, bill gates

Question 56

members of a postindustrial society are likely to be employed as

Answer 56

sellers of services, software programmers, business consultants, producers of goods

Question 57

used water and steam power to mechanize production.

Answer 57

first industrial revolution

Question 58

used electric power to create mass production.

Answer 58

second industrial revolution

Question 59

used electronics and information technology to automate production.

Answer 59

third industrial revolution

Question 60

the fourth industrial revolution is building on the

Answer 60

third

Question 61

the digital revolution that has been occurring since the middle of the last century

Answer 61

fourth industrial revolution

Question 62

It is characterized by a fusion of technologies that is blurring the lines between the physical, digital, and biological spheres.

Answer 62

fourth industrial revolutions

Question 63

is evolving at an exponential rather than a linear pace

Answer 63

fourth industrial revolution

Question 64

have the potential to “robotize” humanity and thus to deprive us of our heart and soul.

Answer 64

fourth industrial revolution

Question 65

are the manifestation of a culture or subculture, especially concerning the traditional and customary practices of a particular ethnic or other cultural group.

Answer 65

cultural practices

Question 66

It plays an important role for a civilization and character of its citizens and society.

Answer 66

cultural practices

Question 67

examples of cultural practices

Answer 67

religious, spiritual, medical treatment, culinary, housing/construction/childcare PRACTICES, forms of artistic expression

Question 68

refer to everyday practices and the way these are typically and habitually performed in a society. It shapes everyday life and are familiar to all members of the community, even if not everybody participates in them. They are relevant to community and help reinforce a sense of identity and continuity with the past.

Answer 68

social practices

Question 69

examples of social practices

Answer 69

local & regional festivals, thanksgiving, weddings

Question 70

are the means by which societies distribute resources and trade goods and services.

Answer 70

economic system or practices

Question 71

the economic system or practices is used to control the

Answer 71

five factors of production

Question 72

five factors of production includes the

Answer 72

labor, capital, entrepreneurs, physical, and information resources

Question 73

examples of economic system or practices

Answer 73

buy & sell activities; entrepreneurs operate to produce goods and supply goods; credits & investments; business firms

Question 74

a set of activities that are associated with making decisions in groups, or other forms of power relations to individuals such as the distributions of resources.

Answer 74

political practices

Question 75

examples of political practices

Answer 75

formulation & implementation of public policy; providing public services; participation in election