Lesson 4.3-4.4 Flashcards
Learning about epithelial and connective tissue
Where is epithelial tissue found?
surface, cavities and glands
What are the 5 characteristics of epithelial tissue?
Polar - apical and basal
Contact - cells are tied together by junctions and desmosomes
Connective tissue -supported by connective tissue
Avascular but innervated - no blood vessels but have nerves
Regeneration - reproduce rapidly
What are the types of simple cells and functions?
simple squamous - filtration and diffusion (kindney and lungs)
simple cuboidal - absorption and secretion (kidney and glands)
simple columnar (cilia or microvilli)- absorption and secretion (digestive tract)
What are the types of stratified cells and functions?
pseudostratified columnar (cilia)- protect respiratory tract
stratified squamous - protect against wear and tear - epidermis
stratified cuboidal - very rare
stratified columnar - rare
What is a epithelial gland?
one or more cells that make and secrete a particular product
What is an endocrine gland?
loss ducts when fully developed
- produce hormones released by exocytosis
- secrete peptides, hormone and steroid
What is an exocrine gland and what are the subcategorizes?
secrete onto body surface and cavity
- merocine: release without damaging
-holocrine: release with damage
Examples of unicellular glands?
mucous and goblet
Example of multicellular glands?
simple, compound, tubular, alveolar, tubuloaveolar
What are the main functions of connective tissue?
- binding and supporting
- protecting
- insulating
- storing fuel
- transporting substance
What are the characteristics of connective tissue?
extracellular matrix - made of non-living matrix
common origin - all came from mesenchyme (embryotic tissue)
What are the main components of connective tissue?
Collagen, reticular and elastic
What is ground substance?
the unstructured material between cells and surrounding fibers, consists of interstitial fluids, cell adhesion proteins and proteoglycans
What is collagen?
made of fibrous protein
- tough and provides tensile strength
What are reticular fibers?
short, fine fibers made of different types of collagen
- network around blood vessels and soft tissue ex. basement membrane
What are elastic fibers?
contains elastic allowing for stretch and recoil
What is the difference between -blast and -cyte?
blast - immature cells: divide and secrete the ground substance
cyte - mature cells: maintain health of matrix
What cells are in connective tissue?
adipocytes(fat), leukocyte (WBC), mast cell(detects foreign and acts against), and macrophages (dispose foreign - important for immune system)
What is Areolar, the function, location?
Areolar - loose
- Gel-like matrix with 3 fiber types
- Cells: fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells and some WBC
Function:
- Cushions organs
- Important in inflammation
- Holds tissue fluids (water and salt)
- Needs to be able to take impact (prevents epithelial damage)
Location:
On epithelial forming mucous membrane
What is adipose, the function, location?
Adipose - loose
- Closely packaged fat cells
Function:
- Fuel
- Installation
- Supports and protects organs
Location:
- Subcutaneous tissue ex. kidney and in breast
What is reticular, the function, location?
Reticular - loose
- Reticular fibers in gel-like ground substance
Function:
- Form internal skeleton supporting other cells ex. WBC, mast and macrophages
Location:
- Immune system ex. spleen
What is regular, the function, location?
Regular - dense
- Parallel collagen fibers
- Major cell: fibroblasts
- Moving in the wrong way can cause lasting damage since limited epithelial cells (nuclei)
Function:
- Attached muscle to bone or muscle
- Attached bone to bone
- Good for areas with wear and tear
Location:
- Tendons ex. shoulder ligament and tendon
What is irregular, the function, location?
Irregular - dense
- Irregular arrangement of collagen fibers
- Cell: Fibroblast
Function:
- Withstand tension in many directions
Location:
- Capsules or organs and joint ex. Shoulder joint and capsule
- Dermis of skin
What is elastic - dense, the function, location?
Elastic
- Dense with elastic fibers
Function:
- Allows tissue to recoil after stretching
Location:
- Arteries walls ex. Walls or bronchial tubes
What is hyaline, the function, location?
Hyaline - cartilage
- Collagen fibers form network
- Chondroblasts are the matrix and when mature, are in lacune
Function:
- Support and reinforces
- Resists compressive stress (stiff)
Location:
- Larynx, trachea and nose
- Costal cartilages
What is elastic - cartilage, the function, location?
Elastic
- Similar to hyaline but more elastic fibers
Function:
- Maintain shape of structure for flexibility
Location:
- External ear
What is fibrocartilage, the function, location?
Fibrocartilage
- Matrix similar to Hyaline more thick collagen
Function:
- Absorption of compressive shock
- Flexibility
Location:
Discs of knee joints and intervertebral spinal cord
What is bone, the function, location?
Bone
- Hard matrix of collagen fibers
- Osteocytes lie in lacune
Function:
- Support and protect
- Stores calcium
- Bone marrow creates RBC
Location:
- Bones
What is blood, the function, location?
Blood
- RBC and WBC in fluid matrix
Function:
- Transport
Location:
- Blood vessels
