Lesson 4.3-4.4

Question 1

Where is epithelial tissue found?

Answer 1

surface, cavities and glands

Question 2

What are the 5 characteristics of epithelial tissue?

Answer 2

Polar - apical and basal
Contact - cells are tied together by junctions and desmosomes
Connective tissue -supported by connective tissue
Avascular but innervated - no blood vessels but have nerves
Regeneration - reproduce rapidly

Question 3

What are the types of simple cells and functions?

Answer 3

simple squamous - filtration and diffusion (kindney and lungs)
simple cuboidal - absorption and secretion (kidney and glands)
simple columnar (cilia or microvilli)- absorption and secretion (digestive tract)

Question 4

What are the types of stratified cells and functions?

Answer 4

pseudostratified columnar (cilia)- protect respiratory tract
stratified squamous - protect against wear and tear - epidermis
stratified cuboidal - very rare
stratified columnar - rare

Question 5

What is a epithelial gland?

Answer 5

one or more cells that make and secrete a particular product

Question 6

What is an endocrine gland?

Answer 6

loss ducts when fully developed
- produce hormones released by exocytosis
- secrete peptides, hormone and steroid

Question 7

What is an exocrine gland and what are the subcategorizes?

Answer 7

secrete onto body surface and cavity
- merocine: release without damaging
-holocrine: release with damage

Question 8

Examples of unicellular glands?

Answer 8

mucous and goblet

Question 9

Example of multicellular glands?

Answer 9

simple, compound, tubular, alveolar, tubuloaveolar

Question 10

What are the main functions of connective tissue?

Answer 10

• binding and supporting
• protecting
• insulating
• storing fuel
• transporting substance

Question 11

What are the characteristics of connective tissue?

Answer 11

extracellular matrix - made of non-living matrix
common origin - all came from mesenchyme (embryotic tissue)

Question 12

What are the main components of connective tissue?

Answer 12

Collagen, reticular and elastic

Question 13

What is ground substance?

Answer 13

the unstructured material between cells and surrounding fibers, consists of interstitial fluids, cell adhesion proteins and proteoglycans

Question 14

What is collagen?

Answer 14

made of fibrous protein
- tough and provides tensile strength

Question 15

What are reticular fibers?

Answer 15

short, fine fibers made of different types of collagen
- network around blood vessels and soft tissue ex. basement membrane

Question 16

What are elastic fibers?

Answer 16

contains elastic allowing for stretch and recoil

Question 17

What is the difference between -blast and -cyte?

Answer 17

blast - immature cells: divide and secrete the ground substance
cyte - mature cells: maintain health of matrix

Question 18

What cells are in connective tissue?

Answer 18

adipocytes(fat), leukocyte (WBC), mast cell(detects foreign and acts against), and macrophages (dispose foreign - important for immune system)

Question 19

What is Areolar, the function, location?

Answer 19

Areolar - loose
- Gel-like matrix with 3 fiber types
- Cells: fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells and some WBC

Function:
- Cushions organs
- Important in inflammation
- Holds tissue fluids (water and salt)
- Needs to be able to take impact (prevents epithelial damage)

Location:
On epithelial forming mucous membrane

Question 20

What is adipose, the function, location?

Answer 20

Adipose - loose
- Closely packaged fat cells

Function:
- Fuel
- Installation
- Supports and protects organs

Location:
- Subcutaneous tissue ex. kidney and in breast

Question 20

What is reticular, the function, location?

Answer 20

Reticular - loose
- Reticular fibers in gel-like ground substance

Function:
- Form internal skeleton supporting other cells ex. WBC, mast and macrophages

Location:
- Immune system ex. spleen

Question 21

What is regular, the function, location?

Answer 21

Regular - dense
- Parallel collagen fibers
- Major cell: fibroblasts
- Moving in the wrong way can cause lasting damage since limited epithelial cells (nuclei)

Function:
- Attached muscle to bone or muscle
- Attached bone to bone
- Good for areas with wear and tear

Location:
- Tendons ex. shoulder ligament and tendon

Question 22

What is irregular, the function, location?

Answer 22

Irregular - dense
- Irregular arrangement of collagen fibers
- Cell: Fibroblast

Function:
- Withstand tension in many directions

Location:
- Capsules or organs and joint ex. Shoulder joint and capsule
- Dermis of skin

Question 23

What is elastic - dense, the function, location?

Answer 23

Elastic
- Dense with elastic fibers

Function:
- Allows tissue to recoil after stretching

Location:
- Arteries walls ex. Walls or bronchial tubes

Question 24

What is hyaline, the function, location?

Answer 24

Hyaline - cartilage
- Collagen fibers form network
- Chondroblasts are the matrix and when mature, are in lacune

Function:
- Support and reinforces
- Resists compressive stress (stiff)

Location:
- Larynx, trachea and nose
- Costal cartilages

Question 25

What is elastic - cartilage, the function, location?

Answer 25

Elastic
- Similar to hyaline but more elastic fibers

Function:
- Maintain shape of structure for flexibility

Location:
- External ear

Question 26

What is fibrocartilage, the function, location?

Answer 26

Fibrocartilage
- Matrix similar to Hyaline more thick collagen

Function:
- Absorption of compressive shock
- Flexibility

Location:
Discs of knee joints and intervertebral spinal cord

Question 27

What is bone, the function, location?

Answer 27

Bone
- Hard matrix of collagen fibers
- Osteocytes lie in lacune

Function:
- Support and protect
- Stores calcium
- Bone marrow creates RBC

Location:
- Bones

Question 28

What is blood, the function, location?

Answer 28

Blood
- RBC and WBC in fluid matrix

Function:
- Transport

Location:
- Blood vessels