Lesson 4.2 - Measles and Measles Vaccination

Question 1

How contagious is measles?

Answer 1

R₀= 14-18

Question 2

What are complications of measles?

Answer 2

• About 1/3 will suffer a complication
  
  • 1/20 = Pneumonia
  • 1/12 = Diarrhea
  • 1-3/1000 = Encephalitis
  • 1-2/1000 = Death
    
    • High as 25% in developing places

Question 3

Cost / Effectiveness of Measles vaccine

Answer 3

• 1st dose = 95%, 2nd dose = 99%
  
  • Costs $20/dose if publicly funded, $63 privately
  • Somewhere b/t $1000-$2000

Question 4

What is the herd effect?

Answer 4

• 95% vaccination w/ 2 doses
  
  • If below threshold = epidemic cycles occur every 2-3 years

Question 5

Measles before and after 1963

Answer 5

• Before: 90% got individuals by 3rd birthday lol
• After: 90% drop in incidence
  
  • By 1983 = 1497 cases reported

Question 6

Resurgence of measles in 1989-1991

Answer 6

• 55k in 3 years
• Low vaccination rate (70% range) & need a second vaccine dose

Question 7

Eliminated of measles in US was achieved in what year?

Answer 7

2000

Question 8

Wakefield article 1998

Answer 8

MMR vaccine and autism scare

Truth: first signs usually around 12-18 months of age

Question 9

Measles is best for children and is not a matter of parental discretion/parental liberty, but of justice/parental obligation.

Answer 9

Period

Question 10

About __ to ___ of patients with measles will develop 1 or more complications.

Answer 10

30-40

Question 11

According to a Cochrane systematic review, 2 doses of ______ lower mortality from measles in children younger than 2 years as well as mortality from measles-associated pneumonia.

Answer 11

VItamin A

Question 12

Outbreaks can occur in populations where fewer than ___ of people are not immune to the measles virus.

Answer 12

10%

Question 13

Test results are positive if _____ or ______.

Answer 13

anti-measles virus IgM is present; 4-fold increase in measles virus IgG antibodies