Lesson 3.8 - Chlamydia Flashcards
Characteristics of Chlamydia
[Size, Cell wall, etc.]
- Obligate intracellular parasite
- 0.3 um (elementary body)
- Cell wall
- Outer membrane, inner cytoplasmic membrane
- Cysteine-rich outer membrane proteins
- Lacks peptidoglycan
Chlamydia is sensitive to what?
Penicillin; peculiar b/c it lacks peptidoglycan
Gene Characteristics of Chlamydia
- 1,073
- Small # consistent with being obligate parasite
- Has genes for glycolysis & pentose phosphate pathway
- Dependent on host for ATP
Can Chlamydia grow on liquid or agar media?
- Nope.
- Studied using human tissue culture cells & animal models
Life cycle of Chlamydia
- Alternates b/t non-replicating infectious elementary body (EB) and replicating non-infectious reticulate body (RB)
How does the EB attach to a host cell?
Abrasion or laceration in conjunctiva or mucous membrane
Chlamydia prevents formation of a ___________
phagolysosome
How big are elementary bodies?
0.2-0.4 um
How big are reticulate bodies?
0.6 - 1.5 um
What is the causal agent of Chlamydia?
Chlamydia trachomatis (most common bacterial STD)
___ of infected women and ____ of infected men report no symptoms of chlamydia
2/3, 1/2
Symptoms of Chlamydia [Men and Women]
- May take 3 weeks to appear
- Coinfections common w/ gonorrhea
- Men:
- Discharge from penis, burning sensation when peeing
- Spreads to epididymis
- Women:
- Vaginal discharge, burning sensatiom when peeing
- Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
- Infertility, ectopic pregnancy, chronic pain
- Men:
What does trachoma mean?
rough
Can a newborn contract chlamydia?
- Yes, during vaginal birth
- Lead to pneumonia & newborn eye infections
Chlamydia initially infects the ____ and the _____.
-
cervix, urethra
- Spreads to fallopian tubes, uterus, & rectum
Describe Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
- Inflammation of prolong periods
- Causes damage to host tissues & progress to necrosis
- Tubal infertility (from scar tissue)
- Potentially fatal ectopic pregnancy
PID can lead to inflammation of [3]
Ovaries, Fallopian Tube, and Rectum
[Ovaritis, Salpingitis, Proctitis]
Diagnostic Tests for Chlamydia
- Endocervical epithelial cell swab during pelvic exam
- Staining for bacterial cells
- Serology & PCR test
Chlamydia virulence factors (4)
- Adhesion
- Antigenic variation
- Survival in phagosome (prevents fusion)
- Cytoxin (unconfirmed)
Antibiotic Susceptibility of Chlamydia
- Single 1g dose of azithromycin
- Macrolide binds to 50S
- Weeklong doxycycline
- Tetracycline binds to 30S
- Resistance = RARE
Cases are high in what parts of US?
Eastern seaboard, Mississippi delta, and Clark County
Highest rates of chlamydia were among females aged _____ and ______.
15-19 (3333.8) and 20-24 (4109.5)
(per 100k females)
Highest rates of chlamydia were among males aged _____.
20-24 (1871.5)
(per 100k males)
Rate of reported chlamydia among Black females was ____ times rate among White females.
Rate of reported chlamydia among Black males was ____ times rate among White males.
5.2
7.1
Rate of reported chlamydia cases among AI/AN females were ____ times the rate among White females.
Rate of reported chlamydia cases among AI/AN males were ____ times the rate among White males.
4.0
3.2
Among those tested for chlamydia, ____% were men who have sex with men, ____% were men who have sex with women only, and ___% were women.
17.1
14.4
9.7
Women and men who have sex with women only had highest positivity at ____% and ____% respectively.
33.8
38.8
