Lesson 4 Histology: Tissues and Membranes

Question 1

the branch of biology that deals with the microscopic examination of structure, organization and functions of tissues

Answer 1

Histology

Question 2

a group of cells having similar structure, and performs specific function.

Answer 2

tissue

Question 3

makes up the covering of exterior surfaces of the body, internal lining of cavities and passageways, and form certain glands.

Answer 3

Epithelial tissue

Question 4

binds the cells and organs of the body together.

Answer 4

Connective tissue

Question 5

provides movement by contracting forcefully

Answer 5

Muscle tissue

Question 6

excitable and capable of sending electrochemical signals in the form of nerve impulses communicate between different regions and organs of the body

Answer 6

Nervous tissue

Question 7

controls the transfer of materials across that allows selective transport of molecules and ions.

Answer 7

epithelial cells

Question 8

are most concerned with absorption, secretion and filtration. Because they are very thin, protection is not one of their specialty

Answer 8

Simple epithelial Cells

Question 9

single layer of thin squamous cells fit closely together like floor tiles.

Answer 9

Simple Squamous Epithelium

Question 10

one layer of cuboidal cells resting on basement membrane, is common in glands and their ducts like in salivary gland and pancreas

Answer 10

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

Question 11

made up of single layer of tall cells that fit closely together.

Answer 11

Simple Columnar Epithelium

Question 12

which produce a lubricating mucus, are often seen in this type of epithelium

Answer 12

Goblet cells

Question 13

Epithelial membranes that line the body cavities, open to the body exterior

Answer 13

mucus membranes or mucosae

Question 14

all of the cells of pseudostratified columnar epithelium rests on the basement membrane; some cells are shorter that others, and their nuclei appear at different heights above the basement membrane thus

Answer 14

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

Question 15

The most common stratified epithelium in the body. Consists of several layers of cells, found in sites that receive a good deal of abuse or friction, such as the esophagus, the mouth and outer portion of the skin.

Answer 15

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

Question 16

usually just two layers of cells with the surface cells being cuboidal in shape, specialized in selective absorption and secretion by the glands into the blood or lymph vessels.

Answer 16

Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium

Question 17

are columnar cells but its basal cells vary in size and shape. They are fairly rare in the body, being found mainly in the ducts of large organs.

Answer 17

Stratified Columnar Epithelium

Question 18

is a highly modified squamous epithelium that forms the lining of only a few organs – the urinary bladder, the ureters and the part of the urethra, which are subject to considerable stretching.

Answer 18

Transitional Epithelium

Question 19

consists of one or more cells that make and secrete a particular product

Answer 19

Gland

Question 20

typically contain protein molecules in a watery fluid

Answer 20

secretion

Question 21

are known as ductless glands. Their secretions (all hormones) diffuse directly into the blood vessels. Examples are thyroid gland, adrenal glands, and pituitary gland

Answer 21

Endocrine glands

Question 22

have ducts, and their secretions empty through the ducts to the epithelial surface. It includes sweat glands, oil glands and salivary glands

Answer 22

Exocrine gland

Question 23

Connective tissues are made up of many different types of cells plus varying amounts of a non-living substance found outside the cells

Answer 23

extracellular matrix

Question 24

composed of bone cells sitting in cavities called lacunae and surrounded by layers of a very hard matrix that contains calcium salts in addition to large numbers of collagen fibers.

Answer 24

Bone or Osseous tissue

Question 25

less hard and more flexible than the bone. It is only in few places in the body

Answer 25

Cartilage

Question 26

which has abundant collagen fibers hidden by a rubbery matrix with a glassy (hyaline = glass), blue-white appearance

Answer 26

hyaline cartilage

Question 27

forms the cushion-like disks between the vertebrae of the spinal column

Answer 27

Fibrocartilage

Question 28

found where a structure with elasticity is desired. For example, it supports the external ear

Answer 28

Elastic cartilage

Question 29

It is also called dense fibrous tissue, its main matrix element is the collagen crowded with rows of fibroblasts (fiber-forming cells) that manufacture the fibers

Answer 29

DENSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE

Question 30

are softer, have more cells and fewer fibers than any connective tissue type except blood.

Answer 30

Loose connective tissue