Lesson 4 - Back

Question 1

Vertebral Column

Answer 1

7 Cervical Vertebrae
12 Thoracic
5 Lumbar
1 Sacrum
1 Coccyx

Breakfast at 7, Lunch at 12, Dinner at 5.

Question 2

C1 / Atlas

Answer 2

Most superior; named after the greek myth that supports the world. The vertebra under the skull that actually rotates.

Question 3

C2 / Axis

Answer 3

Forms the pivot point upon which the atlas rotates

Question 4

Sacrum

Answer 4

Very strong bone near bottom of column, spreads upper body weight across pelvis & into legs

Question 5

Coccyx

Answer 5

Very bottom of spine (tailbone)

Question 6

Vertebral Body

Answer 6

Thick oval segment of bones forming front of vertebra

Question 7

Transverse Process

Answer 7

Bony projection off left & right sides of each vertebra

Question 8

Spinous Process

Answer 8

Bony projection off posterior of each vertebra

Question 9

Vertebral Foramen

Answer 9

The main opening, hole, passage in each vertebra

Question 10

Vertebral Canal

Answer 10

= all 24 foramens together

Question 11

Intervertebral Foramen

Answer 11

The foramen between 2 spinal vertebra

Question 12

Intervertebral Discs + 3 properties

Answer 12

Fibrocartilaginous discs inbetween each vertebra. Like a “washer”

Properties:
1. Shock Absorption
2. Aids in movement / shifting of vertebra
3. Holds vertebra together

Question 13

Spinal Disorders

Answer 13

Kyphosis - Hyperflexion (hunching)
Lordosis - Hyperextension
Scoliosis - Abnormal lateral curvature

Question 14

Scapula Landmarks

Answer 14

Superior Angle
Inferior Angle
Medial Margin
Lateral Margin
Spine
Acromion Process - highpoint of scapula
Coracoid Process - beak-like structure

Question 15

Deep Muscles of Back & Posterior Neck

Answer 15

Erector Spinae
Splenius
Suboccipital Muscles

Question 16

Erector Spinae

Answer 16

Extends the vertebral column

Question 17

Splenius

Answer 17

1. Rotate & laterally flex head and neck to same side
2. Extend head & neck

Question 18

Subocciptal muscles

Answer 18

Deepest muscles of posterior upper neck, all actions affect head

1. Extends
2. Rotates
3. Laterally flexes
4. Rock & Tilt back into extension

Question 19

Movements of Scalpula

Answer 19

Retraction (adduction)
Protraction (abduction)
Upward Rotation
Downward Rotation
Depression
Elevation

Question 20

Scapula Stabilizers -

“To
Really Love
Someone
People Must
Show Affection”

Answer 20

Trapezius - R. U. D. E.

Rhomboids - Retraction / Adduction

(e)Levator Scapula - Elevation

Pectoralis Minor - P.D.D.

Serratus Anterior - P.U

Question 21

Trapezius Actions

Answer 21

RUDE

1. Retraction / Adduction
2. Upward Rotation
3. Depression
4. Elevation

Question 22

Pectoralis Minor Actions

Answer 22

Protraction, Depression, Downward Rotation

Question 23

Serratus Anterior

Answer 23

Protraction, Upward Rotation