Lesson 3: Origin and History of Families

Question 1

why were families created?

Answer 1

• to help us survive
• infants are helpless (no communication, self-cleaning, feeding, regulate temperature, or travelling)
• babies need breastmilk
• we would go extinct if no one cared for babies

Question 2

what is the fourth trimester?

Answer 2

since newborns are so underdeveloped, they are considered to be in the fourth trimester

Question 3

what allowed us to create family

Answer 3

• frontal lobe
• lets us form connections/build family
• empathy, impulse control, feel emotions, communication skills, and problem-solving

Question 4

what were the first families called

Answer 4

hordes

Question 5

what were the first families like

Answer 5

• 50 to 100 people, not always related
• hunter and gatherer
• nomadic: travelled for food
• little to no hierarchy

Question 6

who had respect in the first families?

Answer 6

• those with skills
• the eldest (wise)

Question 7

what is the hordes’ society defined as?

Answer 7

• egalitarian
• equal but different

Question 8

the role of women in first families

Answer 8

• women respected, not owned, for raising kids and gathering 55% of daily calories (dairy, wheat, produce)
• women alse made herbal medicine
• some gender roles defined but not strict

Question 9

what caused the change from the nomadic lifestyle?

Answer 9

• farming
• farms less risky than hunting
• property means power and avoiding hot/cold weather

Question 10

explain how property ownership led to marriage

Answer 10

• ownership=legacy
• legacy=legitimate kid to pass on
• = marriage

Question 11

similarities between human families and chimpanzees

Answer 11

• parent-child relationship: mother/infant bond, protection, affection and love
• organization: extended groups, jealousy/conflict, hierarchy (who can/can’ play w kids)

Question 12

differences between human families and chimpanzees

Answer 12

• sexual relationships: reproduction only, less effort, many partners, sex is not sacred/special
• gender roles: chimps have more male violence in the in-group, alpha male based on strength (for humans it’s money/job/race/ability/likeability)

Question 13

men’s role: hunter-gatherer

Answer 13

• hunting, left for extended periods of time
• making tools
• protect from rival groups/animals

Question 14

women’s role: hunter-gatherer

Answer 14

• gather food/prep meat
• childcare
• plants for medicine
• 60% diet through dairy/produce/nuts

Question 15

children’s role: hunter-gatherer

Answer 15

• observe and imitate
• based on gender: hunt/gather

Question 16

family form: hunter-gatherer

Answer 16

• egalitarian (equal but diff.)
• big groups; flexible
• cooperative/shared resources

Question 17

men’s roles: agricultural

Answer 17

• decision-maker
• control/distribute food surplus
• farmers, artisans, builders, merchants, soldiers, politicians

Question 18

women’s roles: agricultural

Answer 18

• nurture children
• domestic work
• property of husbands w/ few legal rights
• field work
• private family home life

Question 19

children’s roles: agricultural

Answer 19

• economic asset bc. labour
• stay at home after marriage to extend family
• legitimate to inherit property

Question 20

family form: agricultural

Answer 20

• large/extended families=power bc wealth
• clans: many related families
• patriarchal
• monogamy pref. by women but men w/ money could do polygamy
• arranged marriage

Question 21

men’s roles: pre-industrial

Answer 21

• public life
• disciplinarian (strict)
• manual labour

Question 22

women’s roles: pre-industrial

Answer 22

• housekeeper
• victims of violence and unprotected by law
• expected to be in home

Question 23

children’s roles: pre-industrial

Answer 23

• begin working at 7-8 yrs. old
• gender-based work in other homes
• boys: apprentice, learn a craft
• girls: domestic servants (power imbalance led to abuse)
• 50% died by childhood

Question 24

family form: pre-industrial

Answer 24

• marriage = economic need
• religion made marriage sacred
• christianity: monogamy, witnesses, minimum age
• monogamy
• fewer kids
• extended

Question 25

men’s role: urban industrial

Answer 25

• wage-earners through factory jobs (making products, not businesses)
• breadwinners (most money in household)
• disciplinarian

Question 26

women’s role: urban industrial

Answer 26

• nurturer, gentle
• housework
• home = place of love (i.e. housework done when husband comes home)
• permissive parenting
• widows/WW2 worked

Question 27

children’s role: urban industrial

Answer 27

• no child labour
• mandatory school
• age of innocence
• adolescence (teens) = time of exploration

Question 28

family form: urban industrial

Answer 28

• baby booms after war
• nuclear
• consumer families (bc. of ads)

Question 29

men’s roles: contemporary

Answer 29

• dual-income
• lone parenting
• stay-at-home dads

Question 30

women’s roles: contemporary

Answer 30

• matriarchal (women have more say)
• women’s rights movement = birth control and abortion
• work, school
• divorce act 1968

Question 31

children’s roles: contemporary

Answer 31

• less pressure to marry
• live in home longer
• higher education and career
• delayed adulthood

Question 32

family form: contemporary

Answer 32

• many forms
• immigration - extended, interracial
• transition: parental leave so can work w/ family