Lesson 3: Origin and History of Families Flashcards
why were families created?
- to help us survive
- infants are helpless (no communication, self-cleaning, feeding, regulate temperature, or travelling)
- babies need breastmilk
- we would go extinct if no one cared for babies
what is the fourth trimester?
since newborns are so underdeveloped, they are considered to be in the fourth trimester
what allowed us to create family
- frontal lobe
- lets us form connections/build family
- empathy, impulse control, feel emotions, communication skills, and problem-solving
what were the first families called
hordes
what were the first families like
- 50 to 100 people, not always related
- hunter and gatherer
- nomadic: travelled for food
- little to no hierarchy
who had respect in the first families?
- those with skills
- the eldest (wise)
what is the hordes’ society defined as?
- egalitarian
- equal but different
the role of women in first families
- women respected, not owned, for raising kids and gathering 55% of daily calories (dairy, wheat, produce)
- women alse made herbal medicine
- some gender roles defined but not strict
what caused the change from the nomadic lifestyle?
- farming
- farms less risky than hunting
- property means power and avoiding hot/cold weather
explain how property ownership led to marriage
- ownership=legacy
- legacy=legitimate kid to pass on
- = marriage
similarities between human families and chimpanzees
- parent-child relationship: mother/infant bond, protection, affection and love
- organization: extended groups, jealousy/conflict, hierarchy (who can/can’ play w kids)
differences between human families and chimpanzees
- sexual relationships: reproduction only, less effort, many partners, sex is not sacred/special
- gender roles: chimps have more male violence in the in-group, alpha male based on strength (for humans it’s money/job/race/ability/likeability)
men’s role: hunter-gatherer
- hunting, left for extended periods of time
- making tools
- protect from rival groups/animals
women’s role: hunter-gatherer
- gather food/prep meat
- childcare
- plants for medicine
- 60% diet through dairy/produce/nuts
children’s role: hunter-gatherer
- observe and imitate
- based on gender: hunt/gather
family form: hunter-gatherer
- egalitarian (equal but diff.)
- big groups; flexible
- cooperative/shared resources
men’s roles: agricultural
- decision-maker
- control/distribute food surplus
- farmers, artisans, builders, merchants, soldiers, politicians
women’s roles: agricultural
- nurture children
- domestic work
- property of husbands w/ few legal rights
- field work
- private family home life
children’s roles: agricultural
- economic asset bc. labour
- stay at home after marriage to extend family
- legitimate to inherit property
family form: agricultural
- large/extended families=power bc wealth
- clans: many related families
- patriarchal
- monogamy pref. by women but men w/ money could do polygamy
- arranged marriage
men’s roles: pre-industrial
- public life
- disciplinarian (strict)
- manual labour
women’s roles: pre-industrial
- housekeeper
- victims of violence and unprotected by law
- expected to be in home
children’s roles: pre-industrial
- begin working at 7-8 yrs. old
- gender-based work in other homes
- boys: apprentice, learn a craft
- girls: domestic servants (power imbalance led to abuse)
- 50% died by childhood
family form: pre-industrial
- marriage = economic need
- religion made marriage sacred
- christianity: monogamy, witnesses, minimum age
- monogamy
- fewer kids
- extended
men’s role: urban industrial
- wage-earners through factory jobs (making products, not businesses)
- breadwinners (most money in household)
- disciplinarian
women’s role: urban industrial
- nurturer, gentle
- housework
- home = place of love (i.e. housework done when husband comes home)
- permissive parenting
- widows/WW2 worked
children’s role: urban industrial
- no child labour
- mandatory school
- age of innocence
- adolescence (teens) = time of exploration
family form: urban industrial
- baby booms after war
- nuclear
- consumer families (bc. of ads)
men’s roles: contemporary
- dual-income
- lone parenting
- stay-at-home dads
women’s roles: contemporary
- matriarchal (women have more say)
- women’s rights movement = birth control and abortion
- work, school
- divorce act 1968
children’s roles: contemporary
- less pressure to marry
- live in home longer
- higher education and career
- delayed adulthood
family form: contemporary
- many forms
- immigration - extended, interracial
- transition: parental leave so can work w/ family
