Lesson 3

Question 1

When do strains occur?

Answer 1

occurs when muscles or tendons are pulled, small blood vessels tear, and nerve endings are irritated; may present with edema

Question 2

When does a sprain occur?

Answer 2

occur when ligaments, the connective tissue linking bones together, are stretched and overextended; may present with edema

Question 3

Cause of Sprain

Answer 3

a sudden contraction, sudden torsion, severe direct blows, or a forceful straightening from a crouched position.

Question 4

When do sprains and strains occur?

Answer 4

Sprain and strain commonly occur when there is lateral bending with flexion-extension or axial rotation with lateral bending of the lumbar spine.

Question 5

Grade I Sprain

Answer 5

mild injuries where there is no tearing of the ligament and no lost joint function, although there may be tenderness and slight swelling.

Question 6

Grade II Sprain

Answer 6

caused by a partial tear in the ligament, these sprains are characterized by obvious swelling, extensive bruising, pain, difficulty bearing weight, and reduced function of the joint.

Question 7

Grade III Sprain

Answer 7

caused by complete tearing of the ligament where there is severe pain, loss of joint function, widespread swelling and bruising, and the inability to bear weight; have symptoms similar to those of bone fractures.

Question 8

Symptoms of Strain

Answer 8

Pain, weakness, limited range of motion, and muscle spasm

Question 9

Closed (Complete) Fracture

Answer 9

A fracture in which bone fragments separate completely, are not displaced, and remain beneath overlying tissue.

Question 10

Incomplete Fracture

Answer 10

A fracture in which the bone fragments are still partially joined

Question 11

Open (Compound) Fracture

Answer 11

A fracture of bone that protrudes to the outside of the body

Question 12

Compression Fraction

Answer 12

A fracture that consists of the crushing of cancellous bone

Question 13

Transverse Fracture

Answer 13

A fracture where parts of the bone are separated but close to each other

Question 14

Comminuted Fracture

Answer 14

A fracture with more than one fracture line and more than two bone fragments that may be shattered or crushed

Question 15

Spiral Fracture

Answer 15

A twisting force to the thigh causes a fracture line that encircles the shaft

Question 16

Stress Fracture

Answer 16

A failure of one cortical surface of the bone, often caused by repetitive activity

Question 17

Avulsion

Answer 17

Separation of a small fragment of bone at the site of attachment of a ligament or tendon

Question 18

Impacted Fracture

Answer 18

A fracture in which one part of the fracture is compressed into an adjacent part of the fracture

Question 19

Greenstick Fracture

Answer 19

An incomplete break in the bone with the intact side of the cortex flexed (one side is broken and the other is bent); usually seen in children

Question 20

Contractile tissue

Answer 20

he structures involved in muscle contraction: the muscle belly, bony insertion, and tendon.

Question 21

Inert Tissue

Answer 21

plays a supportive role in muscle functioning. Inert tissue includes the joint capsules, ligaments, bursae, fasciae, dura mater, and nerve roots

Question 22

Clinical S/S: inert tissue injury

Answer 22

passive stretching provokes pain; may also be swelling and erythema, joint instability, weakness, limited motion, and diminished deep tendon reflexes present.

Question 23

5 Bone Healing Stages

Answer 23

1. Fracture and inflammatory phase
2. Granulation tissue formation
3. Callus formation
4. Lamellar bone deposition
5. Remodeling

Question 24

Where do sprains commonly occur?

Answer 24

Around the joints