Cardiac

Question 1

What is a cardiovascular aneurysm?

Answer 1

Weakening of artery wall that results in bulging or dilation of vessel

Question 2

Causes of Aneurysms

Answer 2

Arteriosclerosis
Degenerative vascular disease
Infection
Collagen vascular diseases
Trauma
Family history

Question 3

Aneurysm Risk Factors

Answer 3

Arteriosclerosis
Smoking
Hypertension
Family history

Question 4

Aortic Aneurysm

Answer 4

Pain in back, flank, or abs, bruit

Question 5

Angina in Women

Answer 5

Dyspnea, diaphorisis, feeling faint, dizziness, extreme fatigue, heartburn

Question 6

Myocardial Infarction

Answer 6

Prolonged ischemia without recovery

Question 7

MI Causes

Answer 7

Atherosclerosis plaques rupture and clogs artery

Thrombis clogs coronary artery

Valve stenosis

Hypertension

Question 8

Heart Dysthymia: AV block

Answer 8

Caused by anterior or inferior wall

Prolonged PR intervals

Question 9

Heart Dysthymia: A-fib

Answer 9

Multiple irregular P waves

If also tachy decompensation of ventricle and ischemia

Can lead to stroke

Question 10

Heart Dysthymia: PVC

Answer 10

Common

Lack P ot T wave, wide QRS

More than 10 per hour increases mortality

Question 11

HTN

Answer 11

Increased BP

Silent killer

2 or more diastolic >80
Systolic >130

Question 12

BP Normal

Answer 12

Normal <120. <80

Question 13

Embolus

Answer 13

Clot or undisclosed mass that is CARRIED through circulatory system until it reaches and area to small to allow it to pass

Question 14

What does chronic blood loss anemia indicate?

Answer 14

Iron-deficency anemia

Question 15

What is aplastic anemia?

Answer 15

Insufficient or absent RBC production

Question 16

What is pernicious anemia?

Answer 16

Inadequate levels of B12

Question 17

What is a thrombus?

Answer 17

a blood clot that forms inside your vein

Question 18

Levine’s sign

Answer 18

fist to chest

Question 19

4 major changes that lead to heart failure

Answer 19

increased fluid volume/overload
impaired ventricular filling
degeneration of ventricular muscle
decreased ventricular contractile function

Question 20

BP Elevated

Answer 20

Systolic 120-129
Diastolic <80

Question 21

Stage I hypertension

Answer 21

Systolic 130-139
Diastolic 80-89

Question 22

Stage II hypertension

Answer 22

Systolic >140
Diastolic >90

Question 23

Hypertensive crisis

Answer 23

Systolic >180
Diastolic >120

Question 24

Risk factors for developing an aneurysm

Answer 24

arteriosclerosis
degenerative vascular disease
male over 60
African American

Question 25

S/S of angina

Answer 25

squeezing chest pain
dyspnea
diaphoresis
feeling faint
dizziness
extreme fatigue
heartburn

Question 26

Biomarkers used to diagnose MI

Answer 26

creatine phosphokinase MD (CPK-MD) and cardiac troponin (CTn)

Question 27

What dysrhythmia is fatal if not treated with in 48 hours

Answer 27

V-Fib

Question 28

What happens during Left Ventricular Failure (LVF)?

Answer 28

the left ventricle cannot pump blood into the aorta. This causes a backward effect causing build up in the pulmonary veins and capillaries and causes pulmonary edema.

Question 29

What are the forward effects of LVF?

Answer 29

decrease systemic arterial pressure leads to a sense of low blood pressure, decreased circulation to the kidneys, and decreased circulation to the brain.

Question 30

What is malignant hypertension?

Answer 30

High blood pressure from multiple complications

Question 31

What is benign hypertension?

Answer 31

High BP without evidence of end target organ damage.