Gastrointestinal Systems

Question 1

What is affected by ulcerative colitis?

Answer 1

only large intestine

Question 2

What is affected by Crohn disease?

Answer 2

The entire GI tract

Question 3

Which is more likely to produce blood in the stool Ulcerative colitis or crohns?

Answer 3

ulcerative colitis

Question 4

What does a colonoscopy reveal in UC?

Answer 4

pseudopolyps

Question 5

What does a colonoscopy reveal in crohns?

Answer 5

cobblestone appearance

Question 6

What is a complication of untreated cholecystitis?

Answer 6

acute pancreatitis

Question 7

What medication blocks the function of parietal cells?

Answer 7

PPIs

Question 8

What do parietal cells excrete?

Answer 8

hydrochloric acid

Question 9

What does gastrin do?

Answer 9

Release gastric acid

Question 10

What is ulcerative colitis?

Answer 10

Disease caused by pathological changes in the wall of the colon and predisposes to colon cancer.

Question 11

What are esophageal varices?

Answer 11

Veins that are prone to rupture , commonly the source of massive hemorrhages, increase the likelihood of bleeding and significant blood loss

Question 12

What does Crohn’s Disease look like?

Answer 12

ulcers deep and mingled with nodular thickening, “cobblestone” appearance

Question 13

Common causes of cirrhosis?

Answer 13

hepatitis and chronic alcohol use

Question 14

What are esophageal varices?

Answer 14

engorged varicose veins on the low esophagus caused by congestions and hypertension in the liver, can rupture

Question 15

What is cirrhosis?

Answer 15

formation of liver scar tissue dt multiple hepatocyte injuries and repair efforts.

Question 16

How does cirrhosis affect the body?

Answer 16

inability to detoxify blood
decreased bile, decreased lipid digestion and absorption
hyperbilirubinemia (jaundice),
portal hypertension, excessive bleeding, confusion, impaired cognition

Question 17

What questions should be asked if there are GI events that look similar to cardiac chest pain:

Answer 17

What does it look like
When did it start
What causes it

Question 18

Risk Factor for GI issues?

Answer 18

NSAIDs (aspirin)

Question 19

Side effect of medications and #1 complaint in adults?

Answer 19

Constipation (less than 3 stools/week)

Question 20

Frequent causes of constipation:

Question 21

Frequent causes of constipation:

Question 22

What is emphysema?

Answer 22

overdistention of alveoli resulting in the inability to remove CO2

commonly associated with chronic bronchitis

Question 23

What is pulmonary embolism?

Answer 23

a clot that has traveled to the pulmonary arterial circulation and causes obstruction of the arterial blood flow through the lungs

Question 24

What is pulmonary edema?

Answer 24

the fluid around the alveoli inhibits the O2transer at the alveolar capillary interface.

Question 25

What is ARDS?

Answer 25

Damage to the alveolar lining, results in proinflammatory cytokines, neutrophils activate and release toxins. Inflammation leads to breakdown of surfactant.

Results in impaired gas exchange, lunch expandability and pulmonary artery pressure.