🌈 • Lesson 2.7 : Chemistry of the Environment (Chem) Flashcards
This deck will contain all about water, air quality and climate, pollutants found in the world, and how it affects the environment.
How can the presence of water be tested using anhydrous cobalt(II) chloride?
Anhydrous cobalt(II) chloride turns from blue to pink when it comes into contact with water.
How can the presence of water be tested using anhydrous copper(II) sulfate?
Anhydrous copper(II) sulfate turns from white to blue when it absorbs water.
How can the purity of water be tested using its melting point and boiling point?
Pure water has a melting point of 0°C and a boiling point of 100°C.
Deviations from these points suggest impurities.
Why is distilled water used in practical chemistry instead of tap water?
Distilled water is used because it contains fewer chemical impurities than tap water.
What is the first step in the treatment of domestic water?
Sedimentation and filtration remove solids from the water.
How is taste and odor removed from domestic water?
Carbon is used to remove tastes and odors from the water.
How are microbes (pathogens) killed in the treatment of domestic water?
Chlorination is used to kill microbes (pathogens) in the water.
What is the composition of clean, dry air?
Approximately…
78% Nitrogen (N₂),
21% Oxygen (O₂),
The rest if a mixture of noble gases and carbon dioxide (CO₂)
Where does carbon dioxide come from in air pollution?
CO₂ is produced from the complete combustion of carbon-containing fuels.
Where do carbon monoxide and particulates come from in air pollution?
They are produced from the incomplete combustion of carbon-containing fuels.
Where does methane come from in air pollution?
Methane is released from the decomposition of vegetation and waste gases from digestion in animals.
Where do oxides of nitrogen come from in air pollution?
Oxides of nitrogen are produced from car engines.
Where does sulfur dioxide come from in air pollution?
Sulfur dioxide is released from the combustion of fossil fuels that contain sulfur compounds.
What is the adverse effect of carbon dioxide?
Higher levels of carbon dioxide lead to increased global warming, which contributes to climate change.
What is the adverse effect of carbon monoxide (CO)?
Carbon monoxide is a toxic gas that can cause health problems and be lethal at high concentrations.
What is the adverse effect of particulates in the air?
Particulates increase the risk of respiratory problems and cancer.
What is the adverse effect of methane (CH₄)?
Higher levels of methane lead to increased global warming, which contributes to climate change.
What is the adverse effect of oxides of nitrogen (NOₓ)?
Oxides of nitrogen contribute to acid rain and respiratory problems.
What is the adverse effect of sulfur dioxide (SO₂)?
Sulfur dioxide contributes to acid rain, which harms ecosystems and buildings.
How can planting trees reduce the effects of climate change?
Planting trees absorbs carbon dioxide, reducing the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
How can reducing livestock farming help reduce climate change?
Reducing livestock farming decreases methane emissions, as livestock produce significant amounts of methane.
How can decreasing the use of fossil fuels help reduce climate change?
Decreasing fossil fuel use reduces carbon dioxide emissions, helping to mitigate global warming.
How can increasing the use of hydrogen and renewable energy reduce climate change?
Hydrogen and renewable energy sources, like wind and solar, produce little to no carbon emissions, helping to reduce global warming.
How can emissions of sulfur dioxide be reduced to prevent acid rain?
Use low-sulfur fuels and employ fuel gas desulfurization with calcium oxide to remove sulfur dioxide emissions.
How do carbon dioxide and methane cause global warming?
Greenhouse gases absorb and emit thermal energy, trapping heat in the Earth’s atmosphere and reducing thermal energy loss to space, which leads to global warming.
How do oxides of nitrogen form in car engines?
Oxides of nitrogen form at high temperatures in car engines when nitrogen and oxygen in the air react.
How are oxides of nitrogen removed from car engine exhaust?
Catalytic converters reduce oxides of nitrogen through the reaction:
2CO + 2NO → 2CO₂ + N₂.
