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Intermediate 3 > Lesson 14 > Flashcards

Lesson 14 Flashcards

1
Q

sample

A

i couldn’t believe what has happened.she had gone to A concert the previous week. she had had the best time of her life .
she had been always a fan and that’s why the previous week had been great hit for her .
she was going to visit me the following week and she couldn’t wait to see me.

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2
Q

جذاب

A

gorgeous

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3
Q

سخنرانی را گزارش کردن

A

reported speech

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4
Q

مصور

A

Illustrated

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5
Q

به طور مشخص

A

obviously

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6
Q

جرقه زد

A

sparked

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7
Q

چه چیزی باعث جنگ جهانی اول شد

A

what sparked World War I.

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8
Q

اتمی

A

nuclear

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9
Q

نزاع

A

quarrel

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10
Q

رئیس

A

dean

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11
Q

شایعه

A

rumor

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12
Q

هنجارهای اجتماعی

A

social norms

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13
Q
A

enforce

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14
Q

حفظ کردن

A

maintain

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15
Q

انسجام

A

cohesion

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16
Q

علم در واقع ثابت می کند که ما مهارتی داریم .دوستان پیدا کردیم رابطه جدیدی برقرار می کنیم . شما با گفتن حرف های دیگران به یکدیگر پیوندهای خود را قوی تر می کنید.
ما این کار را با صحبت در مورد آنچه دیگران پشت سرشان گفته اند انجام می دهیم
شایعات به قدری طبیعی برای ما به وجود می آیند که گویی زبان ما در وهله اول برای همین تکامل یافته است.
آیا واقعاً فکر می کنید که وقتی استادان تاریخ برای ناهار ملاقات می کنند، در مورد آنچه که جرقه جنگ جهانی اول را آغاز کرد صحبت می کنند؟
یا یک فیزیکدان هسته ای وقت استراحت خود را در کنفرانس های علمی صرف صحبت در مورد کوارک ها می کند؟
آنها به احتمال زیاد در مورد استادی که شوهرش را در حال خیانت کرده یا دعوای رئیس دپارتمان و رئیس دانشکده غیبت می کنند.
یا شایعاتی مبنی بر اینکه یکی از همکاران از بودجه تحقیقاتی خود برای خرید لکسوس استفاده کرده است.
شایعات معمولاً بر روی اعمال نادرست تمرکز می کنند، بنابراین به اجرای هنجارهای اجتماعی و حفظ انسجام گروه کمک می کند.

A

science actually prove that a skill we have .we made friends we make new relationship . you make your bonds stronger by telling each other what other people said .
we do that by talking about what other people said behind their back
gossip comes so naturally to us it’s as if that’s what our language evolved for in the first place.
do you really think that when history professors meet for Lunch they talk about what sparked world war 1?
or nuclear physicist spend their coffee breaks at scientific conferences talking about quarks?
they are far more likely to gossip about the professor who caught her husband cheating , or the quarrel between the head of the department and the dean.
or rumors that a colleague used his research funds to buy a Lexus.
gossip usually focuses on wrongdoing, so it helps enforce social norms and maintain group cohesion.

17
Q

reported speech

A

present simple –> past simple
present continuous –> past continuous
present perfect –> past perfect
past simple –> past perfect
past continuous –> past perfect continuous
will –> would
can –> could
may –> might
must –> had to

18
Q

sample of reported speech

A

i am happy –> sara said that she was happy
i am studying –> sara said that she was studying
i have been there –> sara said that she had been there
i went to the cinema –> sara said that she had gone to the cinema
i was smoking –> sara said that she had been smoking
i will come to the party–> sara said that she would come to the party
i can help –> sara said that she could help
i may help –> sara said that she might help
i must study–> sara said that she had to study

19
Q

in reported speech sometimes tenses don’t change

A
  • when you report what someone said very soon after they had said it , you can actually use the same tense
20
Q

when you are changing the tenses you should also be careful about the words related time .you should change them too

A

this –> that
these –> those
here –> there
now –> then
ago –> before
today –> that day
this morning –>that morning
last week –> the previous week
next week –> the following weekk
yesterday –> the day before
tomorrow –> the next day , the following day

21
Q

sample of reported speech

A

i will call you this week –> Amir said that he would call me that week.
i saw her yesterday –> Mary said that she had seen her the day before.
i have been here –> Deniz said that she had been there.
i am not studying now –> Yalda said that she was not studying then.
i am going to call you next week –> Sarah said that she was going to call me the following week.

22
Q

reported speech question

A
  • we used “if” and “weather” to make them and we call them reported question or in direct question
  • we changed the question to a sentence
23
Q

sample of reported speech question 1

A

amir: you are happy
amir said that i was happy

amir: are you happy
amir asked me if i was happy

24
Q

sample of reported speech question 2

A

sarah: she called
sarah said that she had called

sarah: did she call?
sarah asked me if she had called
sarah asked me whether she had called

25
Q

حروف صدادار سر خوردن - دو حرف صدادار کنار هم

A

gliding vowels

26
Q

مطالبه - ادعا کردن

A

claim

Intermediate 3 (18 decks)

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