lesson 10 - euthanasia Flashcards
Also called as mercy killing
Euthanasia
act or practice of painlessly putting to death persons
suffering from painful and incurable disease or incapacitating physical disorder or allowing them to die by withholding treatment or withdrawing artificial life-support measures.
euthanasia
They were both 91 years old and in declining health (whose case of euthanasia?)
Nic and Trees Elderhorst
___________ suffered a stroke in 2012 and more recently, his wife, ________, was diagnosed with dementia
Nic Elderhorst; Trees Elderhorst
Nic and Trees Elderhorst died hand-in-hand - in a _______________ allowed under Dutch law
double euthanasia
________________ became the first country to legalize euthanasia in ________ , allowing physicians to assist ailing patients in ending their lives without facing criminal prosecution.
The Netherlands; 2002
A 104-year-old Australian scientist who travelled to Switzerland to end his life committed assisted suicide, the foundation which helped him die.
David Goodall
_____________, who had been barred from seeking help to end his life in his home country, did not have a terminal illness but said his quality of life had deteriorated significantly and that he wanted to die.
David Goodall
in David Goodallās case of euthanasia, the death occurred from an infusion of ____________, a barbiturate
Nembutal
preserve human dignity in death even to the individualās last breath
Moral Issue of Euthanasia
being worthy of respect as a human being
Human Dignity
____________ is met with diverse reactions due to its
controversial context.
Euthanasia
____________ is met with diverse reactions due to its
controversial context.
Euthanasia
Countries where Euthanasia is legal:
1) Switzerland
2) Belgium
3) Canada
Euthanasia is morally accepted when:
ļ· Voluntary
ļ· If it means ending the agony of a terminally ill person
ļ· It means painless death will bring more good compared to prolonged suffering
Condemned by natural law of ethics, direct or deliberate
Mercy Killing
The ends does not justify the means
mercy killing
There are instances when medications that are given may give relief but also shortens life; this is when it is morally permitted.
Principle of Double Effect
If the patient is hopeless further medication is allowed to be discontinued even if it means prolonging their life.
No Moral Obligation
We are autonomous rational being
Kantās Ethics
We have a duty to preserve our life
Kantās Ethics
However when such instances like a person in comatose; voluntary or active euthanasia is permissible.
Kantās ethics
A terminally ill is no longer autonomous thus our duty to preserve life no longer holds
Kantās Ethics
___________ = Duty to preserve life
Autonomy
When a comatose person poses a greater financial liability and burden; the person can be put to painless death.
Utilitarian Principle
When the pain and agony experienced by the person is greater than the hope of overcoming the illness
Utilitarian Principle
Advocates argues that the person will die anyway; organs can still benefit others
Organ Transplant
Promotes greater benefits
Organ Transplant
When the agony and suffering is greater than life itself; life can be ended.
Pragmatic Theory of Good and Truth
When it can also lead to more good
Pragmatic Theory of Good and Truth
To offer the usable organs for the greater good; donate the organs
Pragmatic Moralist
Why render them useless when other people can still use them and live
Pragmatic Moralist
āSpare partsā for greater good
Pragmatic Moralist
Bring the terminally ill person to an easy death depending on the motiveāto put an end to a prolonged suffering
Rossā Ethical Principle
Euthanasia is generally unacceptable
Rawlās Concept of Justice
However it is acceptable if by prolonging oneās life means more injustice than justice to the person.
Rawlās Concept of Justice
To be fair and just to the person; to give and protect what is essential: which is a personās dignity whether in prolonged life or honorable death.
Rawlās Concept of Justice
The introduction of semen into the vagina or cervix of a female by any method other than sexual intercourse
Artificial Insemination
Widely used in animal breeding and in humans when a male is sterile or impotent or when a couple suffers from unexplained infertility (when the cause of infertility cannot be identified).
artificial insemination
Impregnation of a woman through artificial insemination may also be used by women or men in ____________ who wish to produce children of their own
same-sex partnerships
This procedure is one of the easiest and least costly of the types of artificial insemination in humans because it most closely mimics intercourse.
Intracervical Insemination
Semen is introduced to the opening of the cervix by a health professional with a needleless syringe then a conception cap will be worn for a few hours to hold semen inside the body to raise the chances of successful implantation
Intracervical Insemination
washed sperm is injected into the uterus with a catheter. It is one of the most efficient types and has some of the highest success rates and most effective if youāre under the age of 30.
Intrauterine Insemination
In Intrauterine Insemination IUI, as itās also called, washed sperm is injected into the uterus with a catheter. It is one of the most efficient types and has some of the highest success rates and most effective if youāre under the age of ______.
30
This kind of is similar to IUI but includes sperm being injected into the fallopian tubes, as well. Once the semen is put into your system, your health practitioner will put a clamp on your cervix that prevents semen leakage.
Intrauterine Tuboperitoneal Insemination
You may be induced ovulation as well with other procedure for this procedure because the process guarantees that youāll release more eggs than usual and eggs of better quality.
Intrauterine Tuboperitoneal Insemination
sperm is introduced solely to the fallopian tubes, and is called fallopian tube sperm perfusion. A catheter goes through the cervix and the uterus and puts sperm directly into the fallopian tubes.
Intratubal Insemination
In intratubal insemination, sperm is introduced solely to the fallopian tubes, and is called ___________________. A catheter goes through the cervix and the uterus and puts sperm directly into the fallopian tubes.
fallopian tube sperm perfusion
Semen is obtained from the husband himself
o Impotence
o Unforeseen Cases
o Reproductive organ problems (wife)
Artificial Insemination with homologous is done through
ļ¼ Homologous Artificial Insemination
ļ¼ Homologous In Vitro Fertilization
- embryo transfer
artificial insemination with a donor is done through:
ļ¼ Heterologous Artificial Insemination
ļ¼ Heterologous IVF or ET
Justification for AID
Semen is from a donor
o Azoospermia
o Carrier/s of hereditary diseases
o Reproductive organ problems (wife)
Justification for AIH
Semen is obtained from the husband himself
o Impotence
o Unforeseen Cases
o Reproductive organ problems (wife)
To overcome childlessness
Situation Ethics
Prevent Birth of Potentially Defective Child
Utilitarianism
Optional and Volitional
Moral Pragmatism
Voluntary and Mutual
Kantās Theory
ļ Broadly human commitment and function
ļ Help overcome congenital defects or abnormalities
Situation Ethics
ļ AIH and AID can do more good than harm
ļ Minimize human suffering is the eugenic rationale of AID
Utilitarianism
ļ Beneficial and useful techniques.
ļ Practicality must be gauged on a case-to-case basis.
Moral Pragmatism
ļ The person can decide for his/her own welfare.
ļ None of the spouses must be used only as a means to an end.
ļ Both can preserve their dignity as human beings.
Kantās Theory
