Lesson 10 Flashcards
3 cultural values that aid in causing Westerners to speak directly
(1) the democratic right of role determination
(2) the ideal of equality of all individuals
(3) the competitive confrontational environment
State 2 ways the Western egalitarian’s consideration of indirection in speech as a harmful mask may hinder him or her in an attempt to communicate cross-culturally.
they may be hindered in (1) perceiving the culture into which they are trying to communicate and (2) interpreting the mannerisms of that culture’s speech
List 3 circumstances that help to cause Africans and many Majority World peoples to speak indirectly
kinship that discourages individualistic expression,
collective communal decision making,
interdependent social environment
Cleveland, Magone, and Adams show how a single cultural trait is valued very differently among various peoples on the same continent by observing that the person who likes to be called “open” is the…
1
Mexican
2
Indian
3
American
3
Explain why the Western preferred mode of equality is disturbing to non-Westerners.
because the mode of equality generally holds fear, uncertainty, and danger for non-Westerners
Cleveland implies that people who allow form to be so important that it becomes a matter of substance are…
1
Americans
2
Europeans
3
Westerners
4
non-Westerners
4
Summarize why Westerners run forcefully over formal structures in the speech habits of other people
they do this because they do not understand the significance of form and expectation
Summarize the contrast in speech styles between the kinsman and the citizen.
Kinsman communication must protect the deep kinsman sense of corporate unity, but this sense is less protected by citizen communication because its relationship is less delicate.
State 2 important heritage factors that cause a distinction between Judeo-Christians and other cultures.
the controlling maxims of the Old Testament and the forthright statements of Christ in the New Testament
Matthew 5:37 and 12:33-37 indicate that peoples of the Judeo-Christian heritage should be expected to speak with more frankness than other peoples because of the scriptural…
1
injunction to speak frankly
2
ambiguity on speaking frankly
3
silence on speaking frankly
4
condemnation of speaking frankly
1
State why an industrialized society needs direction and precision in speech.
because of its need to maximize informational content of speech, which such precision provides
State how an inexact concept of time relates to imprecise focus of attention and indirect speech.
such consciousness of time tends to produce imprecise focus of attention and indirect speech
Explain how a man’s possession of the social trait called machismo affects his attitude toward exposing his inner feelings to others.
his possession of it causes him to defend himself against them by refusing to expose his inner feelings
Patai, in his discussion of relations between Arab countries, indicates that the relations are often plagued by…
1
modest understatement
2
exaggerated overstatement
3
blunt statements
4
belittling statements
2
State why Japanese use indirection and innuendo in their relationships with strangers.
because they need more time to develop those relationships
