lesson 1

Question 1

diabetes is the - leading cause of death

Answer 1

6th

Question 2

65% of deaths of people with diabetes is related with

Answer 2

heart disease

Question 3

things at higher risk to people with diabetes

Answer 3

73% hypertension

blindness 20-74 years

kidney failure

50% in ED were acutely intoxicated/chronic alcohol user

60-70% nervous sytem damage

Question 4

endocrine disorder causes

Answer 4

imbalance in production of hormones

alteration in bodies ability to use hormones

Question 5

diabetes mellitus

Answer 5

systemic

pancreatic dysfunction

carbohydrate metabolism disorder

lethal?

Question 6

pancreas

Answer 6

produce hormones

absorption

composed of exocrine and endocrine tissues

Question 7

exocrine

Answer 7

secrete into small intestine

Question 8

endocrine

Answer 8

produce hormones

Question 9

beta cells…

Answer 9

secrete insulin

Question 10

alpha cells…

Answer 10

secrete glucagon

Question 11

glucose

Answer 11

simple sugar
chief source of energy
to much and its stored as glycogen

Question 12

glycogen

Answer 12

stored in liver

composed of glucose subunits

Question 13

glucagon

Answer 13

hormone

break down glycogen

Question 14

glycogenesis

Answer 14

making glycogen from glucose

Question 15

glycogenolysis

Answer 15

breaking glycogen back down into simple molecules

Question 16

alpha cells

Answer 16

25% of islet tissue
secrete glucagon
stimulate glycogenolysis
increase BGL

Question 17

beta cells

Answer 17

60% of islet tissue
produce/secrete insulin
stimulates glycogenesis
decrease BGL

Question 18

insulin functions

Answer 18

increase glucose transport

increase glucose metabolism

increase liver glycogen levels

decrease blood glucose levels

Question 19

type 1 DM

Answer 19

insulin
dependant (IDDM)

use of insulin is required

prone to diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)

Question 20

type 1 DM symptoms

Answer 20

polyuria
polydipsia
dizziness
blurred vision
weight loss

Question 21

type 2 DM

Answer 21

non insulin dependant (NIDDM)

adulthood onset

resistance to insulin

overproduction of insulin

Question 22

type 2 DM management

Answer 22

drug therapy

diet regulation

exercise

insulin

Question 23

oral hypoglycaemic agents

Answer 23

only used on type 2 (people with functioning beta cells)

lowers BGL

Question 24

gestational diabetes

Answer 24

occurs during pregnancy

3.5% of pregnancies

usually temporary

Question 25

gestational diabetes complications

Answer 25

hypertension

preterm labour

spontaneous abortion

large fetus

DKA

Question 26

diabetic emergencies

Answer 26

hypoglycemia
hyperglycemia
hyperosmolar

Question 27

hypoglycaemic levels

causes

S&S

Answer 27

under 4mmol/L

diet, exercise, infection, to much insulin, liver disease

dizzy, lightheadedness, anxiety

Question 28

t/f diabetes may mimic other conditions

Answer 28

T!

Question 29

be alert for

Answer 29

syringes
MI tag
meds

Question 30

__% of people with diabetes taking meds for it will experience hypoglycaemia requiring ED evaluation/treatment

Answer 30

20

Question 31

__% will experience hypoglycaemia on the regular

Answer 31

25

Question 32

what do the pancreas absorb

Answer 32

carbs
fat
protein

Question 33

endocrine tissues

Answer 33

have pancreatic islets

Question 34

where do alpha cells live

Answer 34

liver (primary)
skeletal muscles
fat tissue

Question 35

glucagon IM amount

Answer 35

1mg

Question 36

oral hypoglycaemic agents

Answer 36

metformin

glyburide

Question 37

__% of pregnancies include gestational diabetes

Answer 37

3.5

Question 38

t/f hypoglycaemia patients will have constricted pupils

Answer 38

F! dilated

Question 39

what has higher death rate HHNK or DKA

Answer 39

HHNK!

Question 40

hyperglycemia is defined as BGL over

Answer 40

10 mmol/L

Question 41

what are ketones?

Answer 41

acid