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PARA 1029 RESPIRATORY > Final review > Flashcards

Final review Flashcards

1
Q

master gland

A

pituitary

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2
Q

primary link between endo and nervous system

A

hypothalamus

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3
Q

endocrine assessment

A 
ABC
meds?
check fridge for insulin?
varied respiratory status?
give O2
check pupils for opiod
give 25 gm of D5 (50ML)
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4
Q

diabetes is more common in…

A

men

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5
Q

type 1 diabetes

A

children
no insulin produced
need to take insulin to inhibit formation of ketoacids

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6
Q

types of abdominal pain

A

visceral/somatic

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7
Q

visceral abdominal pain

A 
stretching of nerve fibres 
hard time localizing pain 
pain all over 
cramp/bloated
guarding position
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8
Q

somatic abdominal pain

A

irritation of stomach lining
localized
sharp/constant

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9
Q

biliary pain

A

gall bladder

radiates to back/right scapula

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10
Q

kidney stone

A

pain in unilateral on affected flank

genital/groin pain

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11
Q

pancreas

A

pain in back

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12
Q

lower back pain can be from the…

A

kidneys

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13
Q

AAA pain

A

flank/lumbar pain

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14
Q

focused history abd pain

A 
BM
radiating pain
surgeries 
oral intake
urination pain?
poops 
hydration
odor 
(colour/quality/consistancy)
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15
Q

grey poops means…

A

gall bladder obstruction

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16
Q

yellow poops means…

A

malabsorption

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17
Q

dark blood poops

A

bleed has been digested

upper GI bleed

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18
Q

bright red poops

A

lower GI bleed

hemorrhoids

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19
Q

cullens/grey turners are signs of…

A

internal bleeding

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20
Q

eccymosis

A

bruising

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21
Q

dehydrated abdomen can be…

A

sunk, concave

ask if abdomen looks different then normal

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22
Q

striae means…

A

stretch marks

why is it there

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23
Q

how long should you assess bowel sounds if you have time

A

5-30 min

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24
Q

patient position when palpating abdomen

A

supine at the very least semi fowler

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25
Q

3 types of palpation

A

light
deep
rebound (in pain when no longer palpating)

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26
Q

normal abdomen palpation

A

soft/non tender

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27
Q

light palpation

A

1cm

1 hand

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28
Q

deep palpation

A

2-3 inches
2 hands
(not permitted on masses)

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29
Q

ABD pain important vitals

A

temp
SPO2
CM

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30
Q

pain above belly button

A

cardiac pain

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31
Q

its an emergency for children to vomit for over…

A

24 hours

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32
Q

frank poops

A

red blood not been digested

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33
Q

melena poops

A

dark/digested

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34
Q

electrolytes lost if puking

A

sodium/potassium

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35
Q

chrons disease

A

small intestine
fistula

immune system attacks the SI

lower right abd pain

remember volume control here

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36
Q

colitis

A

large intestine

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37
Q

hemorrhoids

A

inflammation of the vessels surrounding the rectum

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38
Q

mallory weiss syndrome

A

occurs from repeated vomiting causing bleeding

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39
Q

GI bleed poop odour

A

FOUL

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40
Q

what cells secrete glucagon

A

alpha cells

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41
Q

what cells secrete insulin

A

beta cells

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42
Q

_____ is secreted between meals when sugar levels decrease

A

glucagon

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43
Q

what is the sugar called when its stored in the liver

A

glycogen

44
Q

people with diabetes tend to pee lots t/f

A

T!

45
Q

which type of DM involves insulin resistance

A

type 2

46
Q

__ exposure to hypoglycemia can lead to permanent brain damage

A

30 min

47
Q

what has a faster onset hypo or hyper glycemia

A

hypoglycemia

48
Q

what is more dangerous hypo or hyper glycemia

A

hypoglycemia

49
Q

best hypoglycemia treatment for unconscious patient

A

D50 infused in 0.9% NS
12.5-25g slowly over 3 minutes large bore IV min 18 gage

if not possible 1mg glucagon via IM

ABC etc…

50
Q

DKA is BGL greater then…

A

18 mmol

51
Q

HHS is BGL greater then…

A

33 mmol

52
Q

which hypergylcemic disorder gives fruity breath odour

A

DKA this is from the ketones!

53
Q

possible ecg reading for DKA

A

peaked T waves due to a decrease of potassium!

54
Q

common finding with HHNK

A

dehydration

55
Q

hyperglycemia skin/resps

A

warm/dry

fast (kussmauls)

56
Q

what type of DM is more common

A

type 2

57
Q

common anaphylaxis findings

A

rash/swelling
hypotension
respiratory issues

58
Q

HEENT

A 
head 
ears 
eyes 
nose 
throat
59
Q

UTI symptoms

A

burn/painful urination
urge to piss
cloudy piss
foul

60
Q

Life threatening GI pain causes

A

appendicitis
ectopic pregnancy
AMI

61
Q

pyloric stenosis

A

narrowing/obstruction of the pyloric sphincter (lower part of the stomach)

62
Q

urinary system 2 functions

A

bodies accounting form

bloods sewage treatment plant

63
Q

where are the kidneys located?

A

in the retroperitoneal space

T12-L3

64
Q

which kidney is positioned lower down

A

the right one due to the liver

65
Q

how do vessels enter/leave the kidney

A

the hilum

66
Q

most common types of kidney stones

A

calcium oxalate/calcium phosphate

67
Q

what does dialysis do?

A

filters the blood (fills in for the kidneys)

68
Q

this type of pain is most commonly associated with urologic issues

A

visceral pain

69
Q

suspicion of renal calculus

A

patient is having a hard time sitting still (kidney stone dance)

70
Q

altered mental status in geriatrics could be a…

A

UTI

71
Q

common GI symptoms

A

pain
fluid losses
bleeding
change in bowel habits

72
Q

S/S of hypokalemia

A

u waves

flat t waves

73
Q

S/S of hyperkalemia

A

peaked t waves

cramps/dysrhythmias

74
Q

GERD

A

gastroesophageal reflux disease

heart burn
10-20% of people have this

75
Q

what does the body do in order to maintain its BP in shock

A

catecholamines

ex. epi/nonepi

76
Q

main cause of esophageal varices also what is it?

A

portal hypotension from alcohol

when the vessels in the distal esophagus increase in pressure

77
Q

peptic ulcer disease

A

mucus layer covering the stomach/duodenum erodes

NSAIDS can cause this

78
Q

cholecystitis

A

inflammation of the gallbladder caused by obstruction due to bile

murphys sign (RUQ pain)

more common in women (5F’s)
female, fat, fertile, 40 & 50

79
Q

what causes appendicitis

A

accumulation of poop or other materials

80
Q

RUQ organs

A 
gall bladder
bile duct
kidney 
transverse colon
ascending colon
81
Q

RLQ organs

A

appendix
uterus
ovaries
cecum

82
Q

LUQ organs

A 
diaphragm
spleen 
kidney 
duodenum
pancreas
pancreatic duct
descending colon
83
Q

LLQ organs

A 
umbilicus
rectum
bladder 
anus 
SI
84
Q

surgical opening into the trachea

A

tracheostomy

85
Q

angioedema

A

swelling of the mouth/tongue/lips from stings etc.

86
Q

kussmaul is often seen with what condition

A

DKA

87
Q

emphysema

A

alveoli are damaged causing SOB

pink puffer

88
Q

tuberculosis

A

bacterial disease that is identified by a cough for 2 weeks hemoptysis, weight loss, chest pain and night sweats

89
Q

anorexia

A

loss of appetite

nausea/vomiting

90
Q

vomiting

A

expulsion of chyme

91
Q

where is the vomiting centre

A

in the medulla

92
Q

bulimia

A

binge eating followed by induced vomiting

93
Q

large volume diarrhea

A

related to infection

lactose intolerant

94
Q

small volume diarrhea

A

inflammatory bowel disease

blood or mucus can come with it

95
Q

t/f constipation can be followed by diarrhea

A

T!

96
Q

t/f opiates and anticholinergics can cause constipation?

A

T! they slow down peristalsis resulting in more fluids being absorbed

97
Q

what can diarrhea cause

A

hypokalemia

sodium is also lost

98
Q

minor vomiting can cause…

A

metabolic alkalosis

99
Q

severe vomiting can lead to…

A

metabolic acidosis

due to the loss of bicarbonate ions

100
Q

top causes for fluid loss

A

dehydration
diarrhea
vomiting

101
Q

types of visceral pain

A

from digestive organs

burning - heart burn
dull aching - liver stretching
cramping - stretching of the intestines
colicky - smooth muscle spasm

102
Q

types of somatic pain

A

usually from the parietal peritoneum

rebound tenderness

103
Q

if a patient complains of back pain and the origin of the pain is from the abdomen this is known as what type of pain?

A

referred pain

104
Q

most at risk to malnutrition

A

geriatrics
kids
people on fad diets

105
Q

dysphagia means…

A

difficulty swallowing

106
Q

peptic ulcers are most commonly found in the duodenum t/f?

A

T!

PARA 1029 RESPIRATORY (13 decks)

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