Lesson 1 Flashcards
A fixed time in early development during which certain behaviors optimally emerge OR…a time in development when a particular event has it’s greatest consequences.
Critical period
The unfolding of genetic information - inherited characteristics that are apparent at birth and continue to develop over time.
Maturation
What are the 5 primary “domains” of human development?
Physical Biological Evolutionary Cognitive Social/emotional
Reflex that an infant (up to about 5 months) displays when infant feels as if it’s falling.
Moro Reflex
A group of people who share the same generation and “travel” through life together experiencing the same historical changes.
Cohort
The shared perspective a cohort uses to respond to economic, social, cultural, and political events. In other words, how they view and interpret changes in society.
Social Construction
The beliefs, customs, behaviors, rules, and rituals a group uses to define their life together.
Culture
What are the 5 steps of the scientific method?
- Research question formulation
- Hypothesis development
- Hypothesis testing
- Conclusion
- Dissemination of results
A prediction that is stated in a manner that allows researchers to test whether they are correct.
Hypothesis
List 4 commonly used research methods for testing a hypothesis.
Observation, experiment, survey, case study
Research design method that compares different ages of people at a specific point in time.
Cross sectional
Type of research where the same individuals are studied over a long period of time.
Longitudinal research
This type of research a number of different age groups at multiple points in time.
Cross sequential research
Urie Bronfenbrenner developed a research method that essentially combined all of the methods into one, and takes better consideration of complex relationship of the individual and the environment. What is this research method called?
The ecological systems approach.
The ability of research results to be applied to a different or larger number of groups or settings.
Generalizability
What type of perspective examines ways in which our evolutionary history influences our behavior?
An ethological perspective
Name the 4 types of attachment patterns that have been observed in humans.
Secure attachment: infants explore freely when caregiver is present but may become distressed when caregiver leaves.
Insecure/avoidant attachment: explores freely and is interested in caregivers presence or departure but will avoid or ignore the caregiver upon return.
Anxious/Resistant attachment: insecure, resists active exploration, remains preoccupied with the caregiver.
Disorganized attachment: may act insecure, avoidant, typically does not play freely or respond to the caregiver in any coherent mode.
This development theory looks at a persons inner drives that impacts every aspect of a persons life. “Outward expression of the inner self”
Psychodynamic Theory
- Sigmund Freud & Erik Erikson
What are the 5 stages of Freud’s psychosexual theory of development?
Oral: birth to 1 year Anal: 1-3 years Phallic: 3-6 years Latency: 6-11 years Genital: adolescence to adulthood
What are the 3 parts of the personality according to Freud?
Id: centered on seeking pleasure, avoiding pain, and is present at birth.
Ego: balances the demands of the id and restrictions of the superego to meet the demands of the moment.
superego: the conscience, develops last starting in early childhood.
Erikson’s 8 psychosocial stages.
- Trust vs. mistrust: 0-18 months
- Autonomy vs. shame/doubt: 18 months-3 years
- Initiative vs. guilt: 3-5 years
- Industry vs. inferiority: 6-12 years
- Identity vs. Identity confusion: 12-18 years
- Intimacy vs. isolation: Early adult years
- Generativity vs. stagnation: middle adult years
- Integrity vs. despair: Older adult years
Erikson’s psychosocial change from 0-18 months where the infant learns that his/her needs will be met or not met.
Trust vs. mistrust
Erikson’s psychosocial change from 18 months - 3 years. Child starts to assert independence. If prevents from autonomy by overprotective parents, will doubt own skills.
Autonomy vs. shame/doubt
Erikson’s psychosocial change from 3-5 years. Child learns to carry out tasks from planning to completion. If not, child may feel irresponsible and guilty.
Initiative vs. guilt
