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Lesson 1 Flashcards

Origin & Importance of Genetics

1
Q

Humorism

A

Hippocrates

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2
Q

Who suggested the theory on heredity material that collects from throughout the body

A

Hippocrates

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3
Q

Vital Health

A

Aristotle

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4
Q

Who suggested that physical characteristics of organisms are stored in male semen that interacts with the female menstrual blood?

A

Aristotle

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5
Q

What theory suggests that structures and organs of an organism only develop in the course of individual development

A

Theory of Epigenesis

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6
Q

What theory states that an entire organism is preformed in the sperm (animalkulism) or in the egg (ovism/ovulism) and only had to unfold and grow

A

Theory of Preformation

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7
Q

Study of life

A

Biology

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8
Q

Deals with the study of heredity

A

Genetics

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9
Q

How organisms pass on information in their genes to create new generations of the same species, or variations of the original

A

Heredity

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10
Q

Describes the units of inheritance between parents and offspring and the processes by which those units control the development in offspring

A

Theory of Pangenesis

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11
Q

Who proposed the Theory of Pangenesis?

A

Charles Darwin

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12
Q

A coined concept that refers to hypothesized minute particles of inheritance thrown off by all cells of the body

A

Gemmules

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13
Q

How does the Theory of Pangenesis complement the Theory of Evolution?

A

Pangenesis suggests that the environment could modify gemmules in the body and would be passed on to offspring as Evolution suggests all parts of parents could contribute to the evolution and development of offspring

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14
Q

Who is the Augustinian monk that conducted the experiment of self and cross pollinations?

A

Gregor Johann Mendel

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15
Q

Mendel’s findings to the Natural Society of Brünn and published the following year as Experiments of Plant Hybridization

A

Laws of Inheritance

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16
Q

The leading theory in Mendel’s time on phenotypic boundaries of parents

A

Blended theory

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17
Q

The concluded inherited characteristics that were carried in discrete, independent units in Mendel’s experiment that occur as pairs

A

Elementen (genes)

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18
Q

Contribution of Aristotle

A

Theory of Heredity and Epigenesis

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19
Q

Contribution of William Harvey

A

Circulation of Blood, Epigenesis, and Fertilization

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20
Q

Contribution of Charles Darwin

A

Theory of Evolution and Pangenesis

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21
Q

Contribution of Gregor Mendel

A

Laws of Inheritance

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22
Q

A segment of DNA that contains the instructions for building a specific protein or sets of proteins that determines traits

A

Gene

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23
Q

A variant form of a gene that can be different resulting in different traits

24
Q

A long thread-like structure made of DNA and proteins that contains many genes

A

Chromosomes

25
The genetic makeup of an organism, consisting of all the alleles it possesses
Genotype
26
The observable physical characteristics of an organism
Phenotype
27
It is having two identical alleles for a particular gene
Homozygous
28
It is having two different alleles for a particular gene
Heterozygous
29
The specific location of a gene or allele on a chromosome
Locus
30
A type of cell division that results in two genetically identical daughter cells
Mitosis
31
A type of cell division that reduces the chromosomes number by half resulting in four genetically diverse gametes
Meiosis
32
Law of Inheritance is also dubbed as
Dominance and Recessiveness
33
States that for a trait, a pair of allele separate and only one allele passes from parent to offspring
Principle of Segregation
34
States that traits must sort into gametes separately and the inheritance of one is not affected by the other
Principle of Independent Assortment
35
Who used the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) on an experiment?
Thomas Hunt Morgan
36
Father of Modern Genetics
Gregor Mendel
37
Who coined the word "genetics" for the first time
William Bateson
38
Made significant finding on genetic linkages
Bateson and Punnett
39
Avery, MacLeod and McCarty on Pneumococcus elucidated
The role of DNA as the mediator on heredity
40
Who confirmed Avery, MacLeod and McCarty in their bacteriophage labelling experiments
Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase
41
Who jointly proposed the double helix structure of DNA
James Watson and Francis Crick
42
Who concluded that DNA replication is semi-conservative
Meselson and Stahl
43
Who developed PCR
Fred Sanger
44
Make many copies of a specific DNA segment
Polymerase Chain Reaction
45
First ever cloned animal from an adult SOMATIC cell (nuclear transfer)
Dolly the sheep
46
What was completed in the year 2000
Drosophila genome
47
The first pet to be cloned is born
CC the cat (2001)
48
What was completed in 2003
Human Genome Project
49
Who initiated HGP in 1985
Robert Sinsheimer
50
What year was HGP published in the journal Nature
2006
51
World's biggest collaborative research project
Human Genome Project
52
What was the aim of HGP
to map base pairs in the human DNA
53
"Molecularizing disease...."
Rheinberger (2002)
54
Branch of genetics that study the number and structure of the chromosome using microscopic analysis
Cytogenetics
55
Study of genes and chromosomes at the DNA molecule level using DNA technology
Molecular genetics

Cytogenetics (11 decks)

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