Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIO 30 > Lesson 1 > Flashcards

Lesson 1 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Gen meaning

A

to become or to grow into something

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

branch of biology that deals with the principles of heredity and variation

A

Genetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

all organisms have _______ that encodes genetic information and dictates gene expression

A

genetic material

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

transmission of traits from parents to offspring

A

Heredity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

differences among individuals (between parents and offspring; among offspring; or among individuals in the population)

A

Variation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

principal determinants of life processes

A

Cell Structure
Cell Function
Organization of Cells into Tissues/Organs
Organism’s apperance
Adaptability
Behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

other Transmission Genetics

A

Classical Genetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

a branch of genetics that deals with How are traits passed on from one generation to the next?

A

Transmission Genetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

a branch of genetics that deal with the relationship between chromosome and heredity;

A

Transmission Genetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the focus of the field of Transmission Genetics?

A

Individual Organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

MAPPING

A

provides evidence of transmission of characters from one generation to the next.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

linked to one or more genes could provide clues on where they lie in chromosomes

A

Markers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

bearers of genes

A

chromosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

diploid organism: _ sets of chrosomes: _ from each parent

A

2; 23

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is a diploid organism?

A

2 sets of chromosome, 23 from each parent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

branch of genetics that covers the chemical nature of the gene

A

Molecular Genetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

branch of gen that covers how genetic information is replicated, encoded, and expressed?

A

molecular genetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

a branch of genetics that revolves around the central cellular processes

A

molecular genetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

3 processes of central dogma

A

replication, transcription, and translation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

branch of gen that deals with how dna stores instructions for proteins

A

Molecular Genetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

branch of gen that describe genetic composition changes over time

A

Population Genetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

branch of gen that studies the genetic composition of groups of individuals of the same species evolution

A

Population Genetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

branch of gen that focuses on genetic makeup of groups of individuals of the same species

A

Population Genetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

BRANCH OF GEN
-structure and functions of genes at a molecular level
-processes in the Central Dogma of molecular biology

A

Molecular Genetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

BRANCH OF GEN
-fates of genes in the population

A

Population Genetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

BRANCH OF GEN
-factors affecting gene and allele frequencies

A

Population Genetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

BRANCH OF GEN
-deals with chromosomes, karyotyping, behavior of chromosomes, and abnormalities due to chromosome change

A

Cytogenetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

it is the term used for identifying number of chromosomes an organism has

A

karyotyping

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

BRANCH OF GEN
-gene regulation (switching on and off of genes during development)

A

Developmental Genetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

BRANCH OF GEN
studies how genes control the growth and development of an organism

A

Developmental Genetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

BRANCH OF GEN
-genetic change within and between species

A

Evolutionary Genetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

BRANCH OF GEN
-How genetic variation leads to speciation and adaptation

A

Evolutionary Genetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

BRANCH OF GEN
- enzymes, proteins, and the products of genes
-role of enzymes and proteins (product of genes)

A

Biochemical Genetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

BRANCH OF GEN
Studies the relationship of genes and their control over functions of an enzyme in a metabolic pathway

A

Biochemical Genetics

35
Q

BRANCH OF GEN
-studies the genetic basis for metabolic disorders

A

Biochemical Genetics

36
Q

BRANCH OF GEN
-deals with behavioral traits that are inherited and how heredity and environmental influences affect behavior

A

Behavioral Genetics

37
Q

BRANCH OF GEN
studies genetic basis of behavioral disorders [ e.g. schizophrenia, alcoholism, manic depressive psychosis, criminality ]

A

Behavioral Genetics

38
Q

BRANCH OF GEN
-inheritance and expression of quantitative traits
-role of genetic and environmental factors of quantitative traits
-lean towards breeding

A

Quantitative Genetics

39
Q

variant form of a gene or a certain trait

A

Allele

40
Q

measure of how common an allele is in a population

A

Allele Frequency

41
Q

are visible carrier of genes

A

Chromosomes

42
Q

carries genetic material and is tightly packed into a chromosome

A

DNA

43
Q

section of DNA that encodes for a certain trait

A

Gene

44
Q

specific characteristics that are determined by multiple genes as well as environmental factors [ex. height, weight, IQ]

A

Quantitative Trait

45
Q

a process of forming new kind of species

A

Species

46
Q

describe genetics before Gregor Mendel

A

-heredity as “blending” process
-offspring are intermediate between the parents
[not true if offspring is similar to one of the parents and there are differences observed between parents and offsprings]

47
Q

Golden Age of Greek Culture
Attention was given to: (2)

A

Reproduction
Heredity

48
Q

main contributor in Theory of Pangenesis

A

Aristotle

49
Q

Theory of Pangenesis is known as the

A

Greek Theory of Inheritance

50
Q

Describe the Theory of Pangenesis

A

-All structures and organs of the body contribute copies of themselves to sex cells.
-Semen was formed everywhere in a man’s body, reflects the characteristics of the body part from which it was formed, and traveled through the blood vessels into the male reproductive organs

51
Q

Charles Darwin: supported Pangenesis as he discussed modes of heredity of so-called ‘_______’ in his theory of evolution by natural selection

A

Gemmules

52
Q

a theory based on the pangenesis theory proposed by Jean Baptiste de Lamarck

A

Theory of Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics

53
Q

THEORY OF INHERITANCE OF ACQUIRED CHARACTERISTICS other term

A

theory of use and disuse

54
Q

a theory stating that acquired body modifications are inherited

A

Theory of Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics

55
Q

Explain the theory of Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics

A

-Kapag ginagamit mo nang pauulit-ulit mas mataas yung chance na ma-transmit sa susunod na generation. On the other hand, kapag naman hindi mo ginagamit; may chance na mawala
-organism adapts to its environment -> modifications to the organism will arise -> such modifications are automatically handed down to its descendants = hence become hereditary

56
Q

a theory proposed to be the fundamental mechanism of evolution

A

Theory of Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics

57
Q

who developed the Germplasm Theory [also considered as the second most notable evolutionary theorist after Darwin ]

A

-August Weismann

58
Q

a theory stating that germ cells are the hereditary material

A

Germplasm Theory

59
Q

In Germplasm Theory, what is referred to as the is independent from all other cells of the body (somatoplasm), is the essential element of germ cells (sex cells) and is the hereditary material that is passed from generation to generation

A

Germ plasm

60
Q

other term for sex cells used in Germplasm Theory

A

Germ cells

61
Q

Body cells term used in Germplasm Theory

A

Somatoplasm

62
Q

-ruled out the Lamarckian theory of inheritance by illustrating how germ cells but not somatic cells, function as agents of heredity.

A

Germplasm Theory

63
Q

Explain the Germplasm Theory

A

-germ plasm, which is independent from all other cells of the body (somatoplasm), is the essential element of germ cells (sex cells) and is the hereditary material that is passed from generation to generation

germplasm perpetuated themselves during reproduction generation after generation

-ruled out the Lamarckian theory of inheritance by illustrating how germ cells but not somatic cells, function as agents of heredity.

64
Q

Father of Genetics

A

Gregor Mendel

65
Q

-laid the foundation for Genetics

A

Gregor Mendel

66
Q

what are the hereditary factors discovered by Mendel? Referred to as now as ___________

A

genes

67
Q

first to properly explains similarities & differences among parents & offspring

A

Gregor Mendel

68
Q

showed that there was no blending or dilution of inheritance and provided a strong foundation of Classical or Transmission Genetics.

A

Gregor Mendel

69
Q

two principles developed by Mendel

A

Principle of Segregation and Principle of Independent Assorment

70
Q

two major points in the studies of mendel

A
  1. the gene is passed on from parents to successive generations in a predictable fashion because each progeny has a physical copy of this heritable material
  2. the gene codes for information that would determine structure, function, and other biological properties of the characteristic or trait that it controls.
71
Q

-duplicated mendel’s experiments on other plants

A

Carl Correns, Erick von Tschermak & Hugo de Vries

72
Q

observed mendel’s principles on animals

A

William Bateson, Saunders, & Lucien Cuenot

73
Q

developed chromosome theory of inheritance which states that chromosomes are passed on and are responsible for passing on of genes

A

Walter Sutton & Theodor Boveri

74
Q

discovered the association between specific gene and specific chromosome
created the linkage map in drosophila

A

Thomas Hunt Morgan & Calvin Bridges

75
Q

DNA was the hereditary material (chemical basis of heredity)

A

Oswald Avery, Colin MacLeod, & Maclyn McCarty

76
Q

elucidation of DNA structure in 1953 (DNA double helix)

A

James Watson & Francies Crick

77
Q

What are the application of Genetics

A

Microbial Plant and Animal Improvement
Genetic Engineering or Recombinant DNA Technology
Medicine
Genetic Counselling
Eugenics
Euphenics
Legal Application

78
Q

there are organisms that have an abnormal count of chromosomes therefore bigger and larger in size

A

Polyphoid organisms

79
Q

discovering the likelihood of inheritance of undesirable traits ; pedigree analysis of prospective parents

A

Genetic counselling

80
Q

who coined Eugenics

A

Francis Galton

81
Q

application of genetic knowledge for improvement of human race (looking for good traits and apply it)

A

Eugenics

82
Q

medical and/or genetic intervention ; designed to reduce impact of defective genotypes on individual [ex insulin for diabetes, dietary control]

A

Euphenics

83
Q

replaces Eugenics

A

Euphenics

84
Q

an application of Genetics used for blood type analysis, dna fingerprinting (paternity testing, disputed parentage, criminal identification)

A

Legal Applications

BIO 30 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions