Lecture 2 Flashcards
Difference between the Genetic Material of Prokaryotic Cell and Eukaryotic Cell
Prokaryotic cell - genetic material is enclosed in a nuclear zone (nucleoid) and it is freely suspended in the cytoplasm
Eukaryotic - a true nucleus, also has intracellular membranes and membrane-bound nucleus
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The genetic material of Eukaryotic Cell is housed within the nucleus separated from _____ by _____
cytoplasm and nuclear membrane
When is Chromatin only present
during the interphase
Where is chromatin found
nucleus
It is the compact form of chromatin
-physically visible
Chromosome
site for producing and assembling cell’s ribosomes, conspicuous domain in nucleus
Nucleolus
a series of vents for the cell to grow and divide
Cell Cyle
two parts of Cell Cycle
Interphase and M Phase
Two types of M Phase
Mitosis and Meiosis
non-dividing stage of the cell cycle
Interphase
The longest phase of the typical cell cycle
S phase
What happens during the G1 Phase in Interphase
-Cell increases volume by absorbing water and nutrients
-Builds new protoplasm and cytoplasmic organelles
What happens during the S Phase
DNA is replicated
What phase is when the DNA gets replicated
S phase
also known as the synthesis stage in Interphase
S phase
what happens during the G2 phase
synthesizes RNA and proteins for chromosome and spindle assembly.
What is now the 3 scenarios by the end of G2
-Cell is ready to divide
-Genetic Material is Duplicated
-Double Chromatin Fiber is folded to become a Chromsome
the chromosome is composed of chain of _________
nucleosomes
what are the 2 components of the CHROSOME
Nucleosome core + DNA
Why is nucleosome core an octameric core
-because it has 8 protein complex (H2A, H2B, H3, H4)
what are the four protein complexes in an octameric core
H2A, H2B, H3, H4
Folded Chromatin Fiber
Chromosomes
Describe the processes of Chromosome Folding (Aralin)
Human Chromosome Count
2n = 46
how many kinds of chromosomes are there
23
46 chromosomes in zygote: 23 chromosomes from ____ cell and 23 chromosomes from ______ cell
sperm and egg
What is a solenoid
6 nucleusomes pero coil
Chromosome has a number of ___ sister chromatids
2
primary constriction of the chromosome
centromere
disc-shaped protein attached to centromere
kinetochore
______ are attached in kinetochore during cell division; they pull sister chromatids apart
tips or ends of chromosomes
telomeres
what is the long arm of a chromosom
q (lovers’ quarrel)
short arm of a chromosome
p
TRUE OR FALSE: 1 centromere = 2 chromosomes
False; as long as the duplicates are still together, and are still a single unit, they are counted as a single chromosome
Satellites in a chromosomes are known as ______________
CYTOLOGICAL MARKERS wherein they are permanent
these are the segments of chromosomes that contain the genes for ribosomal RNA
NOR
hold the chromatin into compact chromosome
protein scaffold
median position of centromere
metacentric
submedian position of centromere
submetacentric
subterminal position of metacentric
acrocentric
terminal position of centromere
telocentric