Legal aspects/safety ops Flashcards
What does COBRA stand for? What is there role?
Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation act
Protects uninsured patient’s from being denied emergency care
What does EMTALA stand for? What is there role?
Emergency Medical Treatment Act and Active Labor Act
Part of COBRA and requires emergent care to sustain life
Who is responsible for patient until they arrive at the receiving facility during a transfer?
Sending physician
What do you have to prove to be guilty of negligence?
Failure to provide: Care owed a breach of that duty conduct that caused harm Proximate cause (was the harm foreseeable) Damage resulting from conduct
Difference between Malfeasance, nonfeasance and misfeasance
Malfeasance is purposely doing the wrong thing
Nonfeasance is not providing care when needed
Misfeasance is doing something wrong without realizing you did it
Difference between Assault and battery?
Assault is when you do something that could harm someone else
Battery is doing something that does cause harm
What does CAMTS stand for? What is there role?
Commission for the accreditation of Medical Transport Systems
Similar to hospital’s JCAHO and accredits companies to become transport systems.
Sets safety and conduct standards
What does AMRM stand for? What is there role?
Air Medical Resource Management
Distributes workload to all crew
Also referred to as CRM (crew resource management)
What is sterile cockpit?
Only essential communication during all phases of flight except straight or level flight. Critical phases of flight are taxing, fueling, takeoff and landing
What stages are the most dangerous?
Take off and landing
What is EAP and when is it initiated?
Emergency accident plan
After 2 missed check-ins or over 30 min from last check in.
EAP triggers search and rescue mission
What is flight following?
Real time contact with pilot
every 15 min during flight or every 45 min while on ground during mission
What are CAMTS safety initiatives?
5 intubations for each population serviced before mission and quarterly after that
Flame retardant clothing, must be able to pull 1/4 away from body
-Long range flights are considered > 3 hours
-Seatbelts must be worn at all times unless directed by PIC
-Must have a way to contact dispatch or medical control
-Must have fire suppression
Pilot in charge qualifications for Helicopter
2000 hrs total flight time
1200 hrs being in helicopter
1000 hrs being pilot in charge
100 hrs at night
must be instrument rated
Airline transport pilot license within 5 years
Area orientation for each service area-5 hrs total 2 being at night
Pilot in charge qualifications Fixed wing
2,000 hours of total flight time
- 1,000 hours as PIC - 100 hours at night as PIC - Must possess an ATP certificate - Must be instrument rated - Fixed wing must file IFR and VFR flight plans
What is FAA part 91 regulation?
General operating rules
Applies to pilots flying that are not for hire
No limit on how long the Pilot can fly
No weather minimums, pilot assumes risk
What is FAA part 135 regulation?
Flying passengers for money
Max 14 hour day, 12 hour shift with 2 hour extension
8 hours total flying time in 24 hour period
What is FAA part 91.17 regulation?
Pilot may not fly
• Within 8 hours of having consumed alcohol
• While under the influence of ETOH
• With a BAL of 0.04% or greater
• While using any drugs that affects safety
What are the flight minimums to day non mountain?
Local 800 feet 2 miles
cross country 800 feet 3 miles
What are flight minimums for night non mountain with NVG or terrain avoidance warning system?
Local 800 feet 3 miles
Cross country 1000 feet 3 miles
What are flight minimums for night mountain with NVG or terrain avoidance warning system?
Local 1000 feet 3 miles
Cross country 1000 feet 5 miles
What are flight minimums for day in mountain area?
Local 800 feet 3 miles
Cross country 1000 feet 3 miles
NVG’s can multiply available light by how many times?
Up to 10,000 times
What is the number 1 factor in air medical crashes? Number 2?
Number 1 is weather
Number 2 is flying at night
What is the number 1 cause of air medical crashes?
Human error
Accepting flights :
Marginal weather, PIC is assuming risk
Below minimums cannot fly
What is VFR?
Visual flight rules
Can only fly in weather that you can see where you are flying
Cannot fly with instruments in this rule
What is IFR?
Instrument Rated Rule
Weather may not be suitable to sight only, instruments needed
Can fly VFR if weather permits
What is IIMC?
When a pilot began flying VFR and unexpectedly encounter IFR weather.
Referred to as double IMC
What are transponders?
In the cockpit and signals ground radar
Sends code with the aircrafts position, altitude and call sign
What are some specific transponder codes that you need to know?
- 1200-VFR
- 1202-Gliders
- 7500-Hijack
- 7600-Communication failure
- 7700-Emergency
- 7777-Military intercept code
What are the requirements for unsecured landing zone?
- Must have communication w/ground contact
- Must be large enough to land, usually 100’x100’
- 1 approach and departure heading
- 2 passes required before landing, 1 high pass and 1 low pass
What are the requirements for unsecured landing zone?
- Must have communication w/ground contact
- Must be large enough to land, usually 100’x100’
- 1 approach and departure heading
- 2 passes required before landing, 1 high pass and 1 low pass
What are requirements for permanent Landing zone
- Must have 2 approach and departure heading
- Perimeter lighting on helipad
- Landing beacon (Flashing red and green)
- Windsock
- Secured access
- Class D fire extinguisher
If multiple aircraft landing at a landing zone, which way do the aircraft face?
In the same direction
What are the 3 inflight emergency wording?
Land immediately: engine fire/failure, land now
Land as soon as possible: Low transmission pressure/chirp light, land at next LZ or airport
Land as soon as practical: go to closest convenient location
What is auto rotation?
Refers to rotors turning without engine power
air moves up into rotor from below as the helicopter descends
What is the pre-crash sequence?
Lay pt flat
- Turn off O2 - Assume crash position - Seat belt secured - Helmet strap tight & visor down - Knees together, feet 6” apart flat on the floor - Arms across chest with thumbs out - Chin to chest
After crash, what order do you turn off things?
Throttle, fuel, battery (TOO, FREAKING, BAD)
After crash, what order you begin for survival?
Shelter, Fire, water, create signal
What does ELT stand for?
Emergency locator transmitter
When is the ELT self activated?
At 4 g’s but can be manually activated
What frequencies does the ELT transmit on?
121.5 MHZ
Upgraded to 406MHZ
This is required for Part 135
You can hold down COMM 1 button for 5 seconds and will automatically activate 121.5 MHZ
Who is in charge of search and rescue for downed aircraft?
Within US is civil air patrol (CAP)
Over US waters would be US coast guard with in 25 nautical miles of us shoreline
What does aircraft lighting say to you when flying?
- Port (left side)- Red light
- Starboard (right side)- Green light
- Stern (Rear)- White light
- If you see an aircraft in front of you and there is a green light on your left and a red light on your right, the aircraft is coming at you.
Per CAMTS, when does your seat belt need to be worn?
At all times except straight or level flight or when your PIC directs you to.
What are the preferred angles to enter and exit air craft?
10 o’clock and 2 o’clock preferred
When landing at a hazmat scene, where is the best place to land?
Uphill upwind
What is the maximum distance VHF radio can transmit?
100 km
What is the radio frequency for emergency traffic?
121.5 mhz
upgraded to 406 mhz
What is the maximum distance UHF can transmit?
30-40 miles
What is the main difference between simplex and duplex radios?
Simplex: sending and receiving on same frequency
Duplex: sending and receiving on different frequency and uses repeaters to travel further
What is a fixed base station?
System intended to be used with other bases, no hand held or mobile radios
What is a control station?
Base station that uses repeaters
What is a temporary base station?
Used for less than a year
What standards must ground ambulances meet
KKK 1882
Per CAMTS, what is the ground clearance at gross wt?
6 inches
How often do ambulance major fluids and tire pressure need to be checked?
Twice a week at minimum
