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Flight Paramedic Certification Study set > GI Emergencies > Flashcards

GI Emergencies Flashcards

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1
Q

What type of GI bleed occurs most often?

A

Upper GI bleed. (6 times more frequent)

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2
Q

What are peptic ulcers caused by?

A 
Most often caused by H-Pylori
NSAID use
Alcohol
Tobacco
Stress
Gastritis
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3
Q

What are some symptoms of Peptic Ulcer?

A

Presents with stomach pain

Upper GI bleed

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4
Q

What type of patient is most susceptible to esophageal varices?

A

Chronic alcoholism

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5
Q

What are some signs/symptoms of esophageal varices?

A

Vomiting bright red blood
Bright red diarrhea
Syncope
Altered mental status

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6
Q

What medication aids in the treatment of esophageal varices?

A

Octreotide, this is a synthetic form of Somatostatin.

It reduces splenic and hepatic blood flow and reduces variceal pressures

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7
Q

What is something to remember with esophageal varices?

A

DO NOT INSERT NG TUBE

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8
Q

In patient’s with chronic/forceful vomiting, what syndrome of the esophagus may present itself?

A

Mallory-Weiss syndrome

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9
Q

What is Mallory-Weiss Syndrome?

A

Rupture of the esophagus

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10
Q

What are the signs/symptoms and treatment for Mallory-Weiss syndrome?

A

Bloody vomit. Often self resolving but if persistent treat like esophageal varices

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11
Q

How do you define Boerhaave’s tears and what is a sign of it’s presence?

A

Complete transmural rupture of the lower thoracic esophagus. Presents with shock and chest pain. Hamman’s sign will be present.

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12
Q

What is Hamman’s sign?

A

Crunching sound upon auscultation of the heart due to pneumomediastinum

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13
Q

What are common lower GI bleeds?

A 
Diverticulitis
Hernias
Adhesions
Inflammatory bowel disease
Foreign objects
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14
Q

What are common lab findings in patient’s with GI bleed?

A

Lower HGB <10
Decrease in hematocrit
Thrombocytopenia
Increase in BUN and WBC

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15
Q

What are common lab findings in patient’s with liver disease?

A 
Increased liver enzymes
Decrease in albumin
Increase in Bilirubin
Increase in BUN and serum ammonia
Decrease blood sugar
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16
Q

What primary symptom presents with increased levels of ammonia? What is the treatment?

A

Increased ICP or Altered level of Consciousness

Treat with Lactulose (removes ammonia)

17
Q

What is Hepatic Encephalopathy?

A

The loss of brain function when a damaged liver doesn’t remove toxins from the blood.

18
Q

What is Asterixis? How can you treat it?

A

Course “flapping” muscle tremor during voluntary movements.

Lactulose

19
Q

What is Pancreatitis and what are signs and symptoms?

A

Digestive enzymes destroy the pancreas. Caused by gallstones or alcohol abuse.
SS: Pain often centered in upper middle or upper left abdomen radiating to back, May have Cullen’s sign or Grey-turner’s sign.

20
Q

What is SIRS? (Systemic inflammatory response)

A

Acute inflammation of organ caused by acute infection, trauma or most common, acute pancreatitis.

21
Q

What are commonly seen in pancreatitis?

A

ARDS, SIRS atelectasis and pleural effusions, Increased lipase and amylase

22
Q

What is Grey-Turner’s sign?

A

Flank ecchymosis caused by hemorrhagic pancreatitis

23
Q

What is Cullen’s Sign?

A

Periumbilical ecchymosis

24
Q

What is the treatment for pancreatitis?

A

Sometimes treated with enzyme pills to aid with digestion
Morphine, NSAIDS, Ketamine, or demerol used for pain.
Sometimes surgery is required

25
Q

What are the 3 high priority treatments for septic shock?

A

Fluid resuscitation
Levophed
Antibiotics

26
Q

What is the rate of mortality for ruptured AAA?

A

80%

27
Q

What is the pharmaceutical treatment for deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?

A

Lovenox or Coumadin

28
Q

What causes DVT’s?

A

Vessel wall injury

Surgery, chemical irritation, inflammation, varicose veins, immobility, venous obstruction

29
Q

What are some signs/symptoms of DVT?

A

Aching pain, warm, red swollen

30
Q

What is Homan’s Sign?

A

Dorsiflexion of foot and constriction of the calf causing calf pain

31
Q

What are the 6 “p’s” of arterial occlusion?

A 
Pain (early finding)
Pallor (pale skin)
Paresthesia (numbness)
Poikilothermic (cold blooded)
Pulselessness (late finding)
Paralysis (Late finding)

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