Burns

Question 1

What are the three zones of a burn?

Answer 1

Zone of coagulation (deepest)
Zone of Stasis (second layer)
Zone of hyperemia (uppermost layer)

Question 2

Burn definitions

Answer 2

1st degree or superficial- Sunburn
2nd degree or partial thickness- blisters
3rd degree or full thickness - completely destroyed tissue

Question 3

How much BSA is the palm?

Answer 3

1% using the palmer method

Question 4

What types of patient’s need to be transported to a specialized burn center?

Answer 4

Partial thickness burns greater than 10% BSA
Burns that involve areas of function
3rd degree burns in any age group
Electrical, chemical or inhalation burns
Concomitant trauma
Preexisting medical disorders that delay healing
Burned pediatrics without qualified pediatric personnel

Question 5

What are the three Burn formulas?

Answer 5

(BUP)
Brooke
Universal
Parkland

Question 6

What is the Brooke formula?

Answer 6

2 ml x kg x BSA = fluids over 24 hours

1st half given in 1st 8 hours from time of burn

Question 7

What is the universal formula?

Answer 7

2-4 ml x kg x BSA = fluids over 24 hours
(2 ml for adults and 3-4 ml for pediatrics)
1st half given in the 1st 8 hours from time of burn

Question 8

What is the parkland formula?

Answer 8

4 ml x kg x BSA = fluids over 24 hours

1st half in 1st 8 hours from the time of burn

Question 9

What are patient’s with circumferential burns at risk for?

Answer 9

Risk of compartment syndrome

Question 10

Rules of 9 for adults?

Answer 10

9 % for head and arms
18% for front thoracic, back thoracic and legs
1% for groin

Question 11

Rules of 9 for pediatrics?

Answer 11

18% head, front thoracic, back thoracic
9% arms
14% legs
1% goin

Question 12

How many volts are considered high voltage?

Answer 12

> 1,000 volts

Question 13

What is considered low voltage?

Answer 13

<1,000 volts

Question 14

What are paths of resistance in the body for electrocution?

Answer 14

Tissues with nerves, blood vessels and muscles, tendons and fat

Question 15

Which type of current would you be able to pull away from? AC or DC?

Answer 15

AC (alternating current)

Question 16

Explain AC current?

Answer 16

Alternating current (AC) causes contraction and "freezes" the victim to source. 
Has an explosive exit wound.

Question 17

Explain DC current?

Answer 17

Direct current (DC) able to pull away and has a discreet exit wound.

Question 18

What is most likely cause of death by electrocution?

Answer 18

Cardiac insult

Question 19

What are some signs of electrical burns?

Answer 19

Flexor crease burns, tissue necrosis

Question 20

If you notice Myoglobinuria in a foley bag, what do you need to target>

Answer 20

Urine output of 100 ml/hr

Question 21

Acid burns and how to neutralize?

Answer 21

Causes coagulative necrosis
Use copious amounts of water and use
CALCIUM gluconate

Question 22

What percentage of carboxyhemoglobin would you expect to see CNS symptoms?

Answer 22

15%-40 %

Question 23

What level of carboxyhemoglobin would you expect to find unconsciousness?

Answer 23

> 40%

Question 24

What is the treatment for Cyanide poisonings?

Answer 24

Sodium Thiosulfate
Amyl Nitrate
Sodium Nitrite