ABG's Flashcards
What is the normal range for arterial PH
7.35-7.45
What is the normal range for arterial CO2?
35-45
read as 45-35 when analyzing it
What is the normal range for arterial HCO3?
22-26
What is the normal range for arterial PaO2?
80-100
What is the normal range for arterial SaO2?
> 95%
What is the normal range for arterial base (deficit/excess)
-2 to +2
What is PH?
Percentage of hydrogen ions
What is pCO2?
partial pressure of CO2 which is an indicator of acid and regulates with minute volume
What is HcO3?
Bicarbonate which is a metabolic function
Is alkalotic or basic and moves in the same direction as pH
What is BE?
Base deficit/excess
Too much means alkalotic and low little means acidotic (perfusion problem)
What does >-4 indicate? BE >-19?
BE >-4 likely needs a blood transfusion
BE >-19 indicator of poor outcome
What is the bicarb replacement formula?
0.1 x BE x kg = amount of bicarb needed
What is pCO2?
Partial pressure of O2
SaO2 is the HGB sat O2
When acidotic, which way does CO2 move on the scale?
To the right
When alkalotic, which way does HCO3 move on the scale?
To the left
What are the 3 compensatory mechanisms?
Partially compensated
Fully compensated
Uncompensated
What does it mean when it is partially uncompensated?
If pH is outside of normal range and both CO2 and HCO3 are outside of normal, than it is partially compensated
What does it mean to be fully compensated?
If pH is inside normal range but CO2 and HCO3 are outside normal than it is fully compensated
What does it mean when it is uncompensated?
pH is outside of normal and only one of the CO2 or HCO3 is outside normal then it is uncompensated
What are critical ABG’s for intubation?
pH < 7.2 severe shock
PCO2 > 55 vent failure
pO2 < 60 O2 failure
What does it mean to have metabolic alkalosis?
Too little H+ or too much HCO3
usually the result of loss of H+, NA+, K- or CL-
Caused by vomiting, suctioning, diuretics, antacid poisonings, or corticosteroids
What does it mean to have metabolic acidosis?
To much H+ or too little HCO3
Caused by DKA, hyperthermia or fever, Seizures or rhabdo
This is the number 1 cause of lactic acidosis
What does it mean to have respiratory alkalosis?
Breathing too fast and offloading too much CO2
Result of hyperventilation, ASA poisonings, hyperthermia or heat injuries, hypermetabolic states, fever, anxiety, pain, pregnancy or high altitude.
If on a vent check tidal volume and then rate
What does it mean to have respiratory acidosis?
breathing too slow and not offloading enough CO2
caused by chest wall injury, CNS depression, lung or rib injury, COPD, asthma
Need to increase rate
pH and ETCO2 relationship?
Each change of 10 in ETCO2, pH will change in opposite direction by 0.08
pH and HCO3 relationship?
Each change of 0.15 in pH, HCO3 will change in same direction by 10
pH and K+ relationship?
each change of 0.10 in pH, K+ will shift in opposite direction by 0.6
CO2 and K+ relationship?
each change
How long does it take for bicarb/carbonic buffer system to react?
Seconds
If you are retaining hydrogen ions, does that mean your acidotic or alkalotic?
Acidotic
A PaO2 of 60% is roughly equal to an SaO2 of what?
90%
PCO2 vs SaO2 in percentage?
pCO2 SaO2 90mmhg 100% 60mmhg 90% 30mmhg 60% 27mmhg 50%
