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Flight Paramedic Certification Study set > ABG's > Flashcards

ABG's Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the normal range for arterial PH

A

7.35-7.45

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2
Q

What is the normal range for arterial CO2?

A

35-45

read as 45-35 when analyzing it

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3
Q

What is the normal range for arterial HCO3?

A

22-26

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4
Q

What is the normal range for arterial PaO2?

A

80-100

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5
Q

What is the normal range for arterial SaO2?

A

> 95%

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6
Q

What is the normal range for arterial base (deficit/excess)

A

-2 to +2

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7
Q

What is PH?

A

Percentage of hydrogen ions

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8
Q

What is pCO2?

A

partial pressure of CO2 which is an indicator of acid and regulates with minute volume

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9
Q

What is HcO3?

A

Bicarbonate which is a metabolic function

Is alkalotic or basic and moves in the same direction as pH

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10
Q

What is BE?

A

Base deficit/excess

Too much means alkalotic and low little means acidotic (perfusion problem)

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11
Q

What does >-4 indicate? BE >-19?

A

BE >-4 likely needs a blood transfusion

BE >-19 indicator of poor outcome

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12
Q

What is the bicarb replacement formula?

A

0.1 x BE x kg = amount of bicarb needed

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13
Q

What is pCO2?

A

Partial pressure of O2

SaO2 is the HGB sat O2

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14
Q

When acidotic, which way does CO2 move on the scale?

A

To the right

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15
Q

When alkalotic, which way does HCO3 move on the scale?

A

To the left

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16
Q

What are the 3 compensatory mechanisms?

A

Partially compensated
Fully compensated
Uncompensated

17
Q

What does it mean when it is partially uncompensated?

A

If pH is outside of normal range and both CO2 and HCO3 are outside of normal, than it is partially compensated

18
Q

What does it mean to be fully compensated?

A

If pH is inside normal range but CO2 and HCO3 are outside normal than it is fully compensated

19
Q

What does it mean when it is uncompensated?

A

pH is outside of normal and only one of the CO2 or HCO3 is outside normal then it is uncompensated

20
Q

What are critical ABG’s for intubation?

A

pH < 7.2 severe shock
PCO2 > 55 vent failure
pO2 < 60 O2 failure

21
Q

What does it mean to have metabolic alkalosis?

A

Too little H+ or too much HCO3
usually the result of loss of H+, NA+, K- or CL-
Caused by vomiting, suctioning, diuretics, antacid poisonings, or corticosteroids

22
Q

What does it mean to have metabolic acidosis?

A

To much H+ or too little HCO3
Caused by DKA, hyperthermia or fever, Seizures or rhabdo
This is the number 1 cause of lactic acidosis

23
Q

What does it mean to have respiratory alkalosis?

A

Breathing too fast and offloading too much CO2
Result of hyperventilation, ASA poisonings, hyperthermia or heat injuries, hypermetabolic states, fever, anxiety, pain, pregnancy or high altitude.
If on a vent check tidal volume and then rate

24
Q

What does it mean to have respiratory acidosis?

A

breathing too slow and not offloading enough CO2
caused by chest wall injury, CNS depression, lung or rib injury, COPD, asthma
Need to increase rate

25
Q

pH and ETCO2 relationship?

A

Each change of 10 in ETCO2, pH will change in opposite direction by 0.08

26
Q

pH and HCO3 relationship?

A

Each change of 0.15 in pH, HCO3 will change in same direction by 10

27
Q

pH and K+ relationship?

A

each change of 0.10 in pH, K+ will shift in opposite direction by 0.6

28
Q

CO2 and K+ relationship?

A

each change

29
Q

How long does it take for bicarb/carbonic buffer system to react?

A

Seconds

30
Q

If you are retaining hydrogen ions, does that mean your acidotic or alkalotic?

A

Acidotic

31
Q

A PaO2 of 60% is roughly equal to an SaO2 of what?

A

90%

32
Q

PCO2 vs SaO2 in percentage?

A 
pCO2 		SaO2
	90mmhg	        100%
	60mmhg	        90%	
	30mmhg	        60%
	27mmhg	        50%

Flight Paramedic Certification Study set (17 decks)

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