Legal Aspect of IV CM and Medication Administration

Question 1

It is dictated by the conscience (inner guide) of the individual.

Answer 1

Morals

Question 2

A set of standards that establish what is right/ good

Answer 2

Moral principles

Question 3

It is based on the morals of an individual and is dictated by the individual

Answer 3

Ethics

Question 4

A set of moral principles that govern one’s course of action.

Answer 4

Ethics

Question 5

It is a mandate and therefore could be changed and could differ from one place to another.

Answer 5

Law

Question 6

Ex. double checking a medication although it is not your job, but because you are obliged

Answer 6

Morals

Question 7

Ex. The patient has the right to know what drug will be administered within his body, and what the effects of the drug are

Answer 7

Ethics

Question 8

Law concerning the RT profession

Answer 8

RA 7431 Radiologic Technology Act of 1992

Question 9

2 major classifications of the law

Answer 9

1. Civil law
2. Criminal law

Question 10

Broken if another person’s private legal rights have been violated. This injury is to one person and not to the entire society.

Answer 10

Civil law

Question 11

How to prevent civil cases

Answer 11

1. Make sure to explain the entire procedure
2. Before making an examination, check patient’s identity
3. Restrain only a patient to prevent hurting themselves or another person. (For infants, inform the parents first)

Ex CR

Question 12

Covers a system of laws enacted to punish or reform those who have committed a criminal act against a state or nation

Answer 12

Criminal Law

Question 13

Pertains to the claim of an individual supported by the law.

Answer 13

Rights

Question 14

involves personal injury or damage resulting in civil action or litigation to obtain reparation for damages incurred; may be committed intentionally or unintentionally

Answer 14

Torts

Question 15

Several situations can occur in which a tort can be brought against the health professional because of some action that was deliberately taken.

Answer 15

Intenrional misconduct

Question 16

It can be filed if the patient is reasonably fearful of being injured by the imprudent conduct of the RT.

Answer 16

Civil Assault

Question 17

Could be charged if there is an actual bodily harm that has been inflicted on a patient as a result of intentional physical contact between the healthcare provider and a patient.

Answer 17

Civil battery

Question 18

A tort that protects individuals from unwarranted interference with their personal life or private affairs.

Answer 18

Invasion of privacy

Question 19

It is an act of giving false statements about a person that destroys the reputation of that person.

Answer 19

Defamation

Question 20

Defamation two types

Answer 20

1. Slander (spoken)
2. Libel (written)

Question 21

Occurs when a person intentionally restricts another person’s movement within any area without legal authority, justification, or the restrained person’s permission.

Answer 21

False Imprisonment

Question 22

Breach or a failure to fulfil an expected standard of care.

Answer 22

Unintentional Misconduct (Negligence)

Question 23

Different cases for intentional misconduct

Answer 23

1. Civil assault
2. Civil battery
3. Invasion of privacy
4. Defamation
5. False imprisonment

False DIBA?

Question 24

IVP test results in death for only — people

Answer 24

1 in 100,000

Question 25

The Radiologic technologist owes a duty to the patient based on the standard of care that a reasonable Radiologic Technologist is expected to provide under a similar circumstance.

Answer 25

Unintentional Misconduct (Negligence)

Question 26

Different cases for negligence

Answer 26

1. Contributory negligence 2. Comparative negligence 3. Assumption of Risks

Question 27

This happens when the patient is injured due to his own negligence.

Answer 27

Contributory negligence

Question 28

The injury occurred due to both parties (the patient and radiologic technologist)

Answer 28

Comparative negligence

Question 29

The patient is informed of the possible risks that he/she may encounter during the examination. It is very important to take an informed consent before any procedure.

Answer 29

Assumption of Risks

Question 30

A contract wherein the patient voluntarily gives permission to someone (in this case, the imaging staff) to perform a procedure or service.

Answer 30

Informed consent

Question 31

It protects the patient and healthcare professional legally. This provides the agreement of the patient in conducting the procedure despite the risks of the examination.

Answer 31

Informed consent

Question 32

5 steps to obtain informed consent

Answer 32

1. Disclosure of information 2. Comprehension 3. Voluntariness 4. Competence of Health care professional 5. Permission giving by the patient (Authorization)

Question 33

Disclosure of information is where the RT explains everything to the pt. This includes the (1), (2), (3), and (4)

Answer 33

1. examination 2. preparation 3. possible risks 4. contraindication

Question 34

This involves the patient’s understanding on the information that you gave.

Answer 34

Comprehension

Question 35

The best way to check whether the patient understood everything is to ---

Answer 35

let them --- what you have discussed.

Question 36

The patient should be willingly to undergo the procedure. The patient has the right to refuse if he/she does not want to proceed with the examination.

Answer 36

Voluntariness

Question 37

Patients who refuse treatmen should sign a ---

Answer 37

"refusal or consent" form

Question 38

it is very important to reassure the patient of your skills as a professional. The medical professional should be competent enough at all times when performing a procedure.

Answer 38

Competence of Health care professional

Question 39

After receiving adequate information, the patient must explicitly agree to the proposed intervention (may be done verbally or in writing)

Answer 39

Permission giving by the patient (Authorization)

Question 40

Permission for less invasive or routine procedures.

Answer 40

Verbally

Question 41

Permission for major interventions or surgeries, usually documented through a consent form.

Answer 41

In writing

Question 42

For an informed consent to be valid, the patient:

Answer 42

1. must be of legal age and mentally competent. 2. Tmust offer consent voluntarily (no coercion). 3. should be adequately informed about the medical care being recommended.

Question 43

Different types of consent

Answer 43

1. Implied consent 2. Expressed consent 3. Written consent 4. Spouse consent 5. Surrogate consent

Question 44

This consent involves granting permission for healthcare worker without a formal agreement between the patient and the healthcare provider.

Answer 44

Implied consent

Question 45

The consent was given verbally by the patient to the healthcare provider.

Answer 45

Expressed consent

Question 46

This is the safest form of informed consent that involves the signature/agreement of the patient written in a form.

Answer 46

Written consent

Question 47

This type of consent depends on the law of a certain land.

Answer 47

Spouse consent

Question 48

An authorized person makes medical decisions on behalf of a patient who is unable to do so due to incapacity.

Answer 48

Surrogate consent

Question 49

It is very important for a Radiology department to set a policy and procedure on the following topics:

Answer 49

1. Contrast reaction protocol 2. Basic CPR training 3. History taking of patient 4. Resuscitation equipment 5. Oxygen tank 6. Intravenous access 7. Patient observations 8. Placement of contrast material 9. Emergency drug box/ medicine cabinet 10. Informed consent (IM TOP CHIRP)

Question 50

It is very important to know the possible flow of reaction of contrast media to know the standard of care for these situations.

Answer 50

Contrast reaction protocol

Question 51

A lifesaving technique used during emergencies.

Answer 51

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

Question 52

(1): This indicates if the patient has an allergy to certain drugs that may affect the procedure. A (2) should be evident in the department in order to have uniformity among all staffs during an interview.

Answer 52

1. History taking of patient 2. standard and detailed history taking

Question 53

Resuscitation equipment: A --- should be available nearby the department or imaging area for emergency purposes.

Answer 53

crash cart

Question 54

(1) should be present in every room that performs contrast examinations. The amount of oxygen to be introduced should be found in the (2).

Answer 54

1. Oxygen tank 2. protocol

Question 55

The department should develop its own protocol with guidelines regarding ---. Orientation of staff is also important and critical in performing contrast studies.

Answer 55

IV access

Question 56

This includes observing for signs and symptoms that may occur during any radiographic examination, most especially to contrast studies.

Answer 56

Patient observations

Question 57

Contrast media should be stored properly in order to last longer. It is very important to be organized and cautious to where you store these contrast agents.

Answer 57

Placement of contrast material

Question 58

Located in a visible and easily accessible area, typically near imaging rooms where contrast agents are used.

Answer 58

Emergency drug box/ medicine cabinet

Question 59

There should be a protocol and a policy on how --- is taken from the patient.

Answer 59

informed consent

Question 60

Best form of allergic reaction prevention

Answer 60

Patient observation

Question 61

Responsibility and Accountability: Medico-Legal Aspects of CM

Answer 61

1. Check the date and type of CM 2. Check the quantity 3. Check for the lot number 4. Check the route of administration 5. Check the temperateure 6. Check the glass of the CM (G! DQ LRT)

Question 62

Always note it down on the patient’s chart.

Answer 62

date and type of CM

Question 63

Check for the date of (1) and date of (2).

Answer 63

1. manufacturing 2. expiration

Question 64

The dosage is computed according to the(1) and (2) to be examined.

Answer 64

1. body mass 2. body part

Question 65

In case an adverse effect happens, look for the ---to see if there is a problem with the manufacturing. This should be done especially if the color is okay and the agent is not expired.

Answer 65

lot number

Question 66

Commonly they use the vein unless in case of (1). If the venous entry fails, it can be done (2) but it is not the duty of the radiologic technology to perform this.

Answer 66

1. catheterization 2. arterially

Question 67

The temperature affects the (1) of the CM. If the temperature is colder, the CM tends to be (2).

Answer 67

1. viscosity 2. more viscous

Question 68

Check for a --- in the glass that can cause problem upon administration of contrast agent. If a --- is visible, do not use the CM anymore.

Answer 68

chip

Question 69

This is to ascertain that the patient has no allergy to CM or any other substances.

Answer 69

Check the patient’s detail

Question 70

To know who introduced the CM during the procedure or to know the entire procedure.

Answer 70

Check the details of radiologist or injecting radiographer

Question 71

Never do the procedure if the attending physician or radiologist did not sign the request of the patient.

Answer 71

Make sure that the request form has been signed

Question 72

This is to prevent contamination and the risk of having infection.

Answer 72

Obseve aseptic technique

Question 73

An injury to a patient or any error made by personnel in the diagnostic imaging department must be documented in a/n --- as soon as it is safe to do so.

Answer 73

incident report

Question 74

When filing an incident report, write in simple terms (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), (6), and what was done to alleviate the situation at the time.

Answer 74

1. what occurred 2. at what time 3. on what date 4. in which room or department 5. to whom 6. who was present

Question 75

An injury to a patient or any error made by personnel in the diagnostic imaging department must be documented in an incident report ---

Answer 75

as soon as it is safe to do so