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214 > Finals | CM Chemical Composition > Flashcards

Finals | CM Chemical Composition Flashcards

1
Q

General radiography of the GI tract

A

INSOLUBLE SULFATE (or Sulphate) -Powder Form

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2
Q

Contraindicated for suspected perforation

A

Water-Soluble Sulfate

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3
Q

Used when pt can’t easily eliminate Ba sulphate

A

Water-Soluble Sulfate

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4
Q

Water-Soluble Sulfate example/s

A

Gastrofin
Ultravist-370

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5
Q

Ba powder mixed with suspension (water/ liquid medication)

A

Ba Suspension

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6
Q

Offers flexibility based on pt;s needs and specific exam requirements

A

Ba Suspension

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7
Q

Used for esophagograms to evaluate swallowing disorders or structural abnormalities

A

Ba Sulfate Paste

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8
Q

Used in lower GI tract exam’n, specifically for imaging the colon and rectum

A

Ba Enema

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9
Q

Ba is introduced into the rectum via an enema to coat the colon, allowing for visualization of the colon walls, and detection of abnormalities such as divertivula, tumors, or polyps

A

Ba Enema

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10
Q

Given before introducing BaE, and reason why

A

Laxatives; for proper covering of CM into lining of colon

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11
Q

Mono-, di-, and tri-iodinated ethyl esters of a mixture of various saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in poppy seed oil

A

Ethiodized/ Oily CM

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12
Q

Used in lymphography due to their insoluble property and low acute locate toxicity

A

Mono-, di-, and tri-iodinated ethyl esters of a mixture of various saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in poppy seed oil

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13
Q

Other radiographic examns wherein ethiodized/ oily cm is used

A
  • Transarterial Chemoembolization (TACE)
  • Hysterosalpingography (HSG)
  • Sialography
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14
Q

Ethiodized CM example/s

A

Lipiodol UF and Ethiodol

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15
Q

Contains iodine in the form of salths that dissociate into ions when dissolved in water

A

Ionic Iodinated CM (HOCM)

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16
Q

Composed of a benzene ring (triiodinated) structure which makes them radiopaque

A

Ionic Iodinated CM (HOCM)

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17
Q

Ionic Iodinated CM (HOCM) example/s

A
  • Diatrizoate (Hypaque, Urografin)
  • Iothalamate (Conray

ICon DUH

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18
Q

Used for IVU: Imaging the urinary tract (kidneys, ureters, bladder).

A

Ionic Iodinated CM (HOCM)

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19
Q

Used for angiography: Blood vessels

A

Ionic Iodinated CM (HOCM)

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20
Q

Used for CT imaging: To enhance the visibility of blood vessels and organs in contrast-enhanced CT scans

A

Ionic Iodinated CM (HOCM)

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21
Q

Used for GI studies: Can be used orally or rectally for imaging the GI tract if barium sulfate is contraindicated (e.g., suspected perforation)

A

Ionic Iodinated CM (HOCM)

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22
Q

These agents contain iodine but don’t dissociate into ions when dissolved in water, making them lower in osmolality

A

Non-Ionic Iodinated CM (LOCM)

23
Q

Non-Ionic Iodinated CM (LOCM) example/s

A
  • Iohexol (Omnipaque)
  • Iopamidol (Isovue)
  • Ioversol (Optiray)
  • Iodixanol (Visipaque)

HOm PI VO DixV

24
Q

For Intravenous and intra-arterial use: Used in CT scans, angiography, and venography for enhancing blood vessels, organs, and tissues

A

Non-Ionic Iodinated CM (LOCM)

25
For Gastrointestinal use: Sometimes used in GI studies, particularly in cases where aspiration or perforation is suspected, as non-ionic agents are less toxic if extravasated.
Non-Ionic Iodinated CM (LOCM)
26
For Intrathecal use: Used in myelography to visualize the spinal canal and nerve roots.
Non-Ionic Iodinated CM (LOCM)
27
For Cardiac imaging: Used in coronary angiography for evaluating coronary arteries in patients with suspected or known heart disease
Non-Ionic Iodinated CM (LOCM)
28
Iodinated CM types that dissociates
1. Ionic monomer 2. Ionic dimer
29
Iodinated CM types that don't dissociate
1. Non-ionic monomer 2. Non-ionic dimer
30
Ionic monomer particle and iodine atoms ratio
2:3 (2 particles for r3 iodine atoms)
31
Ionic dimer particle and iodine atoms ratio
2:6
32
Non-ionic monomer particle and iodine atoms ratio
1:3
33
Non-ionic dimer particle and iodine atoms ratio
1:6
34
Iodinated CM types osmolality
Ionic monomer: HOCM Ionic dimer: LOCM Non-ionic monomer: LOCM Non-ionic dimer: Isoosmolar (IOCM)
35
Iodinated CM types structure
Ionic monomer: single benzene ring Ionic dimer: 2 benzene rings Non-ionic monomer: single benzene ring Non-ionic dimer: 2 benzene rings
36
Iodinated CM types risk of side effects
Ionic monomer: high Ionic dimer: moderate Non-ionic monomer: low Non-ionic dimer: very low
37
Ionic monomer example/s
Diatrizoate (Hypaque), Iothalamate
38
Ionic dimer example/s
Ioxaglate (Hexabrix)
39
Non-ionic monomer example/s
Iohexol (Omnipaque), Iopamido
40
Non-ionic dimer example/s
Iodixanol (Visipaque)
41
Used in CT imaging, angiography, and urography, but now less common due to higher side effects and risk of nephrotoxicity
Ionic monomer
42
Used in angiography, venography, and some specialized imaging procedures to balance lower osmolality with ionization for stability
Ionic Dimer
43
Widely used in CT scans, angiography, venography, gastrointestinal imaging, and intrathecal myelography
Non-Ionic Monomer
44
Primarily used in high-risk patients (e.g., with kidney impairment or cardiovascular issues), and for CT and angiography
Non-Ionic Dimer
45
Composed of gadolinium, a paramagnetic metal, which enhances magnetic properties of tissues, making them more visible in MRI images
Gadolinium-based CM
46
Gadolinium-based CM example/s
- Gadolinium diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (gadolinium-DTPA) - Gadoterate (Dotarem) - Gadodiamide (Omniscan) - Gadobenate (MultiHance) - Gadopentetate (Magnevist).
47
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): Used for brain, spine, and body imaging to enhance visualization of blood vessels, tumors, inflammation, and other pathologies
Gadolinium-based CM
48
Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA): For imaging blood vessels in the body, including the brain and heart
Gadolinium-based CM
49
These agents consist of small GAS-FILLED BUBBLES stabilized by a shell, used primarily in ultrasound imaging
Microbubble Contrast agents
50
Microbubble Contrast agents example/s
- Definity - Optison
51
Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS): Used to improve the visualization of blood flow in the heart (echocardiography), liver, and other organs.
Microbubble Contrast agents
52
Liver lesion characterization: To distinguish between benign and malignant liver tumors
Microbubble Contrast agents
53
Cardiac imaging: Enhances the visualization of the left ventricular endocardial border in echocardiography.
Microbubble Contrast agents
54
Aside from gadolinium, this paramagnetic metal mat also be used for MRI; give an example
Iron-based CM ex. Ferumoxide

214 (11 decks)

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