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214 > Finals | CM Chemical Composition > Flashcards

Finals | CM Chemical Composition Flashcards

1
Q

General radiography of the GI tract

A

INSOLUBLE SULFATE (or Sulphate) -Powder Form

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2
Q

Contraindicated for suspected perforation

A

Water-Soluble Sulfate

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3
Q

Used when pt can’t easily eliminate Ba sulphate

A

Water-Soluble Sulfate

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4
Q

Water-Soluble Sulfate example/s

A

Gastrofin
Ultravist-370

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5
Q

Ba powder mixed with suspension (water/ liquid medication)

A

Ba Suspension

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6
Q

Offers flexibility based on pt;s needs and specific exam requirements

A

Ba Suspension

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7
Q

Used for esophagograms to evaluate swallowing disorders or structural abnormalities

A

Ba Sulfate Paste

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8
Q

Used in lower GI tract exam’n, specifically for imaging the colon and rectum

A

Ba Enema

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9
Q

Ba is introduced into the rectum via an enema to coat the colon, allowing for visualization of the colon walls, and detection of abnormalities such as divertivula, tumors, or polyps

A

Ba Enema

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10
Q

Given before introducing BaE, and reason why

A

Laxatives; for proper covering of CM into lining of colon

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11
Q

Mono-, di-, and tri-iodinated ethyl esters of a mixture of various saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in poppy seed oil

A

Ethiodized/ Oily CM

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12
Q

Used in lymphography due to their insoluble property and low acute locate toxicity

A

Mono-, di-, and tri-iodinated ethyl esters of a mixture of various saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in poppy seed oil

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13
Q

Other radiographic examns wherein ethiodized/ oily cm is used

A
  • Transarterial Chemoembolization (TACE)
  • Hysterosalpingography (HSG)
  • Sialography
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14
Q

Ethiodized CM example/s

A

Lipiodol UF and Ethiodol

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15
Q

Contains iodine in the form of salths that dissociate into ions when dissolved in water

A

Ionic Iodinated CM (HOCM)

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16
Q

Composed of a benzene ring (triiodinated) structure which makes them radiopaque

A

Ionic Iodinated CM (HOCM)

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17
Q

Ionic Iodinated CM (HOCM) example/s

A
  • Diatrizoate (Hypaque, Urografin)
  • Iothalamate (Conray)
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18
Q

Used for IVU: Imaging the urinary tract (kidneys, ureters, bladder).

A

Ionic Iodinated CM (HOCM)

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19
Q

Used for angiography: Blood vessels

A

Ionic Iodinated CM (HOCM)

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20
Q

Used for CT imaging: To enhance the visibility of blood vessels and organs in contrast-enhanced CT scans

A

Ionic Iodinated CM (HOCM)

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21
Q

Used for GI studies: Can be used orally or rectally for imaging the GI tract if barium sulfate is contraindicated (e.g., suspected perforation)

A

Ionic Iodinated CM (HOCM)

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22
Q

These agents contain iodine but don’t dissociate into ions when dissolved in water, making them lower in osmolality

A

Non-Ionic Iodinated CM (LOCM)

23
Q

Non-Ionic Iodinated CM (LOCM) example/s

A
  • Iohexol (Omnipaque)
  • Iopamidol (Isovue)
  • Ioversol (Optiray)
  • Iodixanol (Visipaque)
24
Q

For Intravenous and intra-arterial use: Used in CT scans, angiography, and venography for enhancing blood vessels, organs, and tissues

A

Non-Ionic Iodinated CM (LOCM)

25
Q

For Gastrointestinal use: Sometimes used in GI studies, particularly in cases where aspiration or perforation is suspected, as non-ionic agents are less toxic if extravasated.

A

Non-Ionic Iodinated CM (LOCM)

26
Q

For Intrathecal use: Used in myelography to visualize the spinal canal and nerve roots.

A

Non-Ionic Iodinated CM (LOCM)

27
Q

For Cardiac imaging: Used in coronary angiography for evaluating coronary arteries in patients with suspected or known heart disease

A

Non-Ionic Iodinated CM (LOCM)

28
Q

Iodinated CM types that dissociates

A
  1. Ionic monomer
  2. Ionic dimer
29
Q

Iodinated CM types that don’t dissociate

A
  1. Non-ionic monomer
  2. Non-ionic dimer
30
Q

Ionic monomer particle and iodine atoms ratio

A

2:3 (2 particles for r3 iodine atoms)

31
Q

Ionic dimer particle and iodine atoms ratio

A

2:6

32
Q

Non-ionic monomer particle and iodine atoms ratio

A

1:3

33
Q

Non-ionic dimer particle and iodine atoms ratio

A

1:6

34
Q

Iodinated CM types osmolality

A

Ionic monomer: HOCM
Ionic dimer: LOCM
Non-ionic monomer: LOCM
Non-ionic dimer: Isoosmolar (IOCM)

35
Q

Iodinated CM types structure

A

Ionic monomer: single benzene ring
Ionic dimer: 2 benzene rings
Non-ionic monomer: single benzene ring
Non-ionic dimer: 2 benzene rings

36
Q

Iodinated CM types risk of side effects

A

Ionic monomer: high
Ionic dimer: moderate
Non-ionic monomer: low
Non-ionic dimer: very low

37
Q

Ionic monomer example/s

A

Diatrizoate (Hypaque), Iothalamate

38
Q

Ionic dimer example/s

A

Ioxaglate (Hexabrix)

39
Q

Non-ionic monomer example/s

A

Iohexol (Omnipaque), Iopamido

40
Q

Non-ionic dimer example/s

A

Iodixanol (Visipaque)

41
Q

Used in CT imaging, angiography, and urography, but now less common due to higher side effects and risk of nephrotoxicity

A

Ionic monomer

42
Q

Used in angiography, venography, and some specialized imaging procedures to balance lower osmolality with ionization for stability

A

Ionic Dimer

43
Q

Widely used in CT scans, angiography, venography, gastrointestinal imaging, and intrathecal myelography

A

Non-Ionic Monomer

44
Q

Primarily used in high-risk patients (e.g., with kidney impairment or cardiovascular issues), and for CT and angiography

A

Non-Ionic Dimer

45
Q

Composed of gadolinium, a paramagnetic metal, which enhances magnetic properties of tissues, making them more visible in MRI images

A

Gadolinium-based CM

46
Q

Gadolinium-based CM example/s

A
  • Gadolinium
    diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (gadolinium-DTPA)
  • Gadoterate (Dotarem)
  • Gadodiamide (Omniscan)
  • Gadobenate (MultiHance)
  • Gadopentetate (Magnevist).
47
Q

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): Used for brain, spine, and body imaging to enhance visualization of blood vessels, tumors, inflammation, and other pathologies

A

Gadolinium-based CM

48
Q

Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA): For imaging blood vessels in the body, including the brain and heart

A

Gadolinium-based CM

49
Q

These agents consist of small GAS-FILLED BUBBLES stabilized by a shell, used primarily in ultrasound imaging

A

Microbubble Contrast agents

50
Q

Microbubble Contrast agents example/s

A
  • Definity
  • Optison
51
Q

Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS): Used to improve the visualization of blood flow in the heart (echocardiography), liver, and other organs.

A

Microbubble Contrast agents

52
Q

Liver lesion characterization: To distinguish between benign and malignant liver tumors

A

Microbubble Contrast agents

53
Q

Cardiac imaging: Enhances the visualization of the left ventricular endocardial border in echocardiography.

A

Microbubble Contrast agents

54
Q

Aside from gadolinium, this paramagnetic metal mat also be used for MRI; give an example

A

Iron-based CM
ex. Ferumoxide

214 (10 decks)

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