Distribution and Excretion

Question 1

Mode of Administration: oral or rectal for GI imaging

Answer 1

Metallic salts

Question 2

Absorption: Not absorbed by the GI tract; remains within the lumen

Answer 2

Metallic salts

Question 3

Distribution: Localized in the GI tract for visualization of pathologies

Answer 3

Metallic salts

Question 4

Metabolism: Not metabolized by the body due to its insolubility

Answer 4

Metallic salts

Question 5

Exrection: Excreted unchanged via the GI tract; can cause constipation. Post-examination (after 24 hours) may be performed to ensure clearance

Answer 5

Metallic salts

Question 6

Contraindications: Contraindicated in patients with GI perforation, severe swallowing difficulties, severe constipation, or intestinal obstruction

Answer 6

Metallic salts

Question 7

Risks: Risk of impaction or peritonitis if leakage occurs into the abdominal cavity.

Answer 7

Metallic salts

Question 8

Mode of Administration: Direct injection into lymph nodes (e.g., for lymphography) or during bronchoscopy

Answer 8

Oily CM

Question 9

Absorption: Slowly absorbed by the lymphatic system

Answer 9

Oily CM

Question 10

Distribution: Phagocytized by polymorphnuclear cells; spreads through the lymphatic and circulatory systems

Answer 10

Oily CM

Question 11

*Metabolism: Metabolized by esterase into sodium iodide in the panreas, liver, and salivary glands

Answer 11

Oily CM

Question 12

Excretion: Excreted via urine as inorganic iodine

Answer 12

Oily CM

Question 13

Contraindicated in patients with iodine allergies, advanced pulmonary disease, or renal dysfunction.

Answer 13

Oily CM

Question 14

Risks include adverse reactions to iodine and potential pulmonary embolism.

Answer 14

Oily CM

Question 15

Administered intravenously or intrathecally for certain neurological procedures

Answer 15

Water-Soluble CM (Ionic and Non-Ionic)

Question 16

Absorption: Absorbed into the bloodstream through intravenous injection; intrathecal CM is absorbed into the bloodstream via the arachnoid villi

Answer 16

Water-Soluble CM (Ionic and Non-Ionic)

Question 17

Distribution: Distributed through the blood plasma; may diffuse into the extravascular space, causing potential extravasation.

Answer 17

Water-Soluble CM (Ionic and Non-Ionic)

Question 18

Metabolism: Minimal metabolism; remains largely unchanged in the bloodstream.

Answer 18

Water-Soluble CM (Ionic and Non-Ionic)

Question 19

Excretion: Primarily excreted via the kidneys through glomerular filtration

Answer 19

Water-Soluble CM (Ionic and Non-Ionic)

Question 20

Contraindicated in patients with iodine allergies or renal dysfunction.

Answer 20

Water-Soluble CM (Ionic and Non-Ionic)

Question 21

Risks include extravasation, nephrotoxicity, and allergic reactions.

Answer 21

Water-Soluble CM (Ionic and Non-Ionic)

Question 22

Mode of Administration: Administered intravenously, commonly used in MRI

Answer 22

Gadolinium-Based Contrast Media (GBCM)

Question 23

Absorption: Rapidly absorbed into the bloodstream following injection

Answer 23

Gadolinium-Based Contrast Media (GBCM)

Question 24

Distribution: Distributed through the vascular and extracellular, enhancing visualization of tissues with abnormal blood-brain barriers (e.g., tumors)

Answer 24

Gadolinium-Based Contrast Media (GBCM)

Question 25

Metabolism: Gadolinium is bound to a chelating agent to reduce toxicity and is not metabolized

Answer 25

Gadolinium-Based Contrast Media (GBCM)

Question 26

Excretion: Primarily excreted via the kidneys through glomerular filtration; excreted in the urine within 24 hours

Answer 26

Gadolinium-Based Contrast Media (GBCM)

Question 27

Contraindicated in patients with severe renal impairment due to the risk of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF).

Answer 27

Gadolinium-Based Contrast Media (GBCM)

Question 28

Risks include allergic reactions and nephrotoxicity

Answer 28

Gadolinium-Based Contrast Media (GBCM)

Question 29

Mode of Administration: Administered intravenously or inhalation, primarily used in ultrasound imaging

Answer 29

Microbubble Contrast Agent

Question 30

Absorption: Microbubbles remain within vascular space and are not absorbed by tissues

Answer 30

Microbubble Contrast Agent

Question 31

Distribution: Distributed within the bloodstream, enhancing the visualization of blood flow and improving the contrast in ultrasound imaging.

Answer 31

Microbubble Contrast Agent

Question 32

Metabolism: Microbubbles do not undergo traditional metabolism. The gas is expelled through normal respiratory processes

Answer 32

Microbubble Contrast Agent

Question 33

Excretion: The gas in the microbubbles is exhaled via the lungs, while the shell components (often lipid-based) are metabolized or excreted

Answer 33

Microbubble Contrast Agent

Question 34

Contraindicated in patients with severe pulmonary hypertension or right-to-left cardiac shunts

Answer 34

Microbubble Contrast Agent

Question 35

Risks include allergic reactions, but complications are rare.

Answer 35

Microbubble Contrast Agent