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Anatomy > Leg Stuff > Flashcards

Leg Stuff Flashcards

1
Q

Crural Fascia Where, what parts, attachments

A

Deep fascia of the leg

Continuous with the fascia lata

  1. Crural fascia
  2. Extensor retinaculum
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2
Q

Crural Fascia: parts and compartments

A

Thick septa anterior, lateral, posterior

Anterior septum
Posterior septum
transverse sptum
interosseous

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3
Q

Crural fascia problems

A

compartmental syndromes: hemorage, edema, inflammation

Intracompartmental pressure: ischemia, permanent injury

Incising fascia fasciotomy

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4
Q

CECS/ACS

A

CECS: over use, expansion of blood flow against fascia

ACE: surgical emergency following trauma

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5
Q

Thigh Muscles

A
  1. Anterior compartment: Femoral nerve, Extensors
  2. Medial compartments: adduction, obturator nerve
  3. Posterior compartment: Flexors, sciatic nerve
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6
Q

Anterior Compartment Muscles

Tibialis Anterior

A
  1. Long thick
  2. Proximal: tibial condyle
  3. Distal: medial 1st cuneiform
  4. Function: dorsiflexion/inversion

Strongest dorsiflexor

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7
Q

ACM Extensor Digitorum Longus

A
  1. Prox: lateral tibial condyle/Anterior fibular surface/Interosseous membrane
  2. Distal: it’s four tendons form an “extensor expansion” over dorsum of later four phalanges

Functions: extension of digits/dorsiflexion

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8
Q

ACM Muscle: Fibularis Tertius

A
  1. Fuses with digitorum longus proximally
  2. Tendon does NOT attach to a digit

Proximal: fibular surface
Distal: 5th metatarsal

Function: dorsiflexion, eversion

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9
Q

ACM Muscle: Extensor Hallucis Longus

A
  1. tibialis anterior

Proximal: fibular surface/interosseous membrane
Distal: Distal phalanx of hallux

Functions: extends hallux

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10
Q

Anterior Compartment: Deep fibular Nerve

Anterior Compartment: Anterior Tibial Artery

A

One of the two main branches of the fibular nerve
-innervates anterior compartment muscles, ankle joint, metacarpal phalangeal joins, dorsal intrinsic foot muscles

Anterior tibial artery:
Arises from popliteal
tibial tuberosity demarcates approx. pt of division between anterior and posterior tibial arteries

becomes dorsalis pedis artery

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11
Q

What does the tibial tuberosity demarcate?

A

The division between the anterior/posterior tibial artery

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12
Q

Lateral Compartment contains

A
  1. Fibularis brevis
  2. superficial fibular nerve
  3. fibularis longus
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13
Q

Where is the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

The lateral surface of the fibula

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14
Q

Muscles of the lateral compartment:

A

Fibularis longus: prox = fibula, distal = 1st metatarsal + medial cuneiform

Functions: eversion and plantar flexion

Fibularis Brevis Muscle: prox = tibia, distal = 5th metatarsal tuberosity

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15
Q

5th Metatarsal Fracture

A

3 fracture zones

  1. Avulsion fracture, effects inversion
  2. Jones fracture, non-inversion
  3. Stress fracture
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16
Q

5th Metatarsal Fracture: Avulsion fracture

A

Effects inversion

occurs at tuberosity of 5th metatarsal

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17
Q

5th Metatarsal Fracture: Jones fracture

A

Non-inversion

acute diaphsyeal fracture

18
Q

5th Metatarsal Fracture: Stress Fracture

A

Diaphyseal stress fracture

19
Q

Superficial Fibular Nerve

A
  1. One of the two terminal branches of the common fibular nerve
  2. begins between finularis longus and fibula

3, nearly entire dorsal surface of foot

  1. most of the dorsal aspect of digits
20
Q

Common Fibular Nerve

A

Winds around fibular head

21
Q

Damage to common fibular nerve

A

most commonly injured

paralysis of anterior/lateral crural muscles

Loss of dorsiflexion and eversion.

“foot drop”

22
Q

“foot drop”

A

damage to common fibular nerve

prevents dorsiflexion and eversion

23
Q

a high stepping gait a wadding fair or a swing gait

A

common fibular nerve damage

24
Q

Lateral compartment arterial supply

A

the one compartment without a distinct arterial branch accommodating the compartment nerve

Fibular artery

25
Q

fibular artery

A

largest branch of posterior tibial artery

26
Q

Anterior compartment “compacted”

Muscles, prox attach/ distal attach
Innervation
Vascularization

Function

A

Muscles : Tibialis Anterior, Extensor Digitorim Longus, Extensor Hallucis Longus, Fibularis Tertius

Innervation: Deep fibular never
Vascularization: Anterior Tibial artery

Prox attach: Tibialis/Digitorum condyle, Hallucis/Tertius Fibula
Distal attach: all different

Functions: dorsiflexion and eversion

27
Q

Superficial Fibular Nerve vs Deep Fibular Nerve

A

the two branches of the common fibular nerve

Superficial: supplies anterfoinferior leg,nearly entire dorsal surface of foot, most dosal aspect of digits, between fibularis longus/fibula,

Deep fibular ner: supplies anterior compartment muscles, between fibularis longus/fibula, runs inferomedially between tibialist anterior/extensor hallucis longus ends medial/lateral terminal branches of foot

28
Q

Shin Splints

A

Medial tibial stress syndrome

indues small tears to periosteum over tibia
due to repetitive microtrauma to tibialis anterior

29
Q

Calcaneus: articulates with what? special parts?

A 
Cuboid and the talus 
sustentaculum tali (support of talus and groove for flexor hallucis longus)

Fibular trochlea: ridge on lateral surface (lateral pulley)

30
Q

Navicular: articulates with what? specail parts?

A

Talus head, 3 cunieforms, cuboid

navicular tuberosity
tibialist posterior attachment

31
Q

Cuboid: articulates with what? special parts?

A

most lateral bone in distal row of tarsus

calcaneus, 4th/5th metatarsals, navicular and lateral cuneiform

groove fibularis longus

32
Q

Posterior compartment: superficial and deep

A

flexors/calf compartment

Superficial: gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris

Deep: popliteus, flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus, tibialis posterior

TIBIAL NERVE AND POSTERIOR TIBIAL VESSELS ARE DEEP TO TRANSVERSE CRURAL CRURAL SEPTUM

33
Q

Gastrocnemius

A

MOST SUPERFICIAL POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT MUSCLE

two-headed

1) medial head inserts on medial condyle of tibia and distally via achilles tendon
2) lateral head inserts on lateral condyle of tibia and distally via achilles tendon

PLANTAR FLEXION and knee join flexion

34
Q

Sesamoid bone of gastrocnemius

A

“fabella”
lateral head may have sesamoid bone close to proximal attachment

fracture can result in total knee replacement

35
Q

Soleus

A

Broad, flat multipennate muscle, deep to gastrocnemius

soleal line of tibia

inserts via tendo calcaneus (achilles tendon)

36
Q

“Triceps Surae”

A

tripartite muscle consisting of gastrocnemius and soleus muscle

plantarflexion

37
Q

Plantaris

A

Can be absent

short belly, long tendon

attachments: lateral supracondylar line and calcaneal tendon

weak plantarflexion and lef flexion

38
Q

Plantaris damage

A

Long tendon used in reconstructive surgery of hand tendons

possibility of rupture during violent ankle movements

commonly injured in ballet dancers, basketball players, sprinters

39
Q

Deep Posterior Crural Compartment (4)

A
  1. Popliteus
  2. Flexor hallucis longus (FHL)
  3. flexor digitorum longus (FDL)
  4. tibialis posterior (TP)
40
Q

Popliteus

A

Thin, flat triangular muscle

attachments, lateral femoral condyle & meniscus

unlocks extended leg by rotating femur on tibia

41
Q

Popliteal fossa

A

Superior medial and superior lateral genicular arteries
- above gastrocnemiuses

Inferior medial genicular artery
-deep to medial head of gastrocnemius

Inferior lateral genicular artery
-deep to plantaris and superficial to popliteus

42
Q

anterior compartment of leg

A

1) dorsiflexion

2) extension

Anatomy (30 decks)

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