feet

Question 1

abductor digiti minimi

Answer 1

first layer, extends from calcaneus to phalanges

Question 2

abductor hallucis

Answer 2

first layer, extends from calcaneus to phalanges

Question 3

flexor digitorum brevis

Answer 3

first layer, extends from calcaneus to phalanges

Question 4

quadratus plantae

Answer 4

2nd layer first tendon of fdl to calcanues,assisists fdl

Question 5

lumbricals

Answer 5

2nd layer

extend from fdl tendons

extends pip and dip joints

Question 6

2nd layer guests

Answer 6

flexor hallucis longus and flexor digitorum longus, although not considered plantar muscles

Question 7

flexor digit minimi brevis

Answer 7

3rd layer plantar muscle

Question 8

adductor hallucis

Answer 8

3rd layer plantar muscle, transverse and oblique

Question 9

flexor hallucis brevis

Answer 9

3rd layer two heads cover planter surface of first metatarsal tendons have seamoid bones

Question 10

“pad” muscles

Answer 10

4th layer 3, 4 & 5

interossei muscles

plantar

Question 11

“dab” muscles

Answer 11

4th layer interossei muscles

dorsal

234

Question 12

hallux vagus

Answer 12

lateral deviation of big toe causes. surrounding tissues swell, inflammation occurs and bursa forms

bursa becomes a bunion

Question 13

corns are

Answer 13

inflamed areas of thick skin over proximal interphalangeal joints

Question 14

mallet toe

Answer 14

any of the lateral 4 toes: flexion in the distal IP joint

Question 15

flexion in the distal IP joint

Answer 15

mallet toe

Question 16

extension at the MP joint + flexion at the proximal joint

Answer 16

hammer toe

Question 17

extension at the MP + flexion @ both proximal+distal IP joint

Answer 17

claw tow

Question 18

deformity of large toe

Answer 18

claw toe

Question 19

What is the cause of the toe problems?

Answer 19

a consequence of shortened flexor muscles which can override lumbrical function

Question 20

problems associated with 2nd digit

Answer 20

hammer toe.

hyperextension at metarso-phalangeal joint

middle phalanx is plantarflexed at the proximal interphalangeal joint

distal phalanx is extended

Question 21

Nerves of the Sole

Answer 21

Tibial nerves divide posterior to medial malleolus into

a) medial and lateral plantar nerves
b) supply all intrinsic muscles of the foot except two dorsum muscles

supply plantar skin

Question 22

2nd layer of foot

Answer 22

nerve/vascular layer

Question 23

Medial plantar nerve

Answer 23

Larger of the two terminal branches of tibial nerve

Motor to:

abductor hallucis
flexor digitorum brevis
most medial lumbrical (st digit)
flexor hallucis brevis

always have
fun drinking beer
made lightly
from hops barley

Question 24

Lateral plantar nerve

Answer 24

smaller of the two terminal branches of the tibial nerve

Abductor digiti minimi 
quadratus palntae
lateral three lumbricals 
adductor hallucis 
fdmb
interossei

Question 25

Foot blood supply

Answer 25

terminal branches of the anterior and posterior tibial arteries supply the foot

Question 26

Dorsum arterial supply

Answer 26

Dorsalis pedis

runs anteromedially to first interosseous space
divides into arcuate and deep plantar artery

Question 27

Arcuate artery

Answer 27

branch of dorsalis pedis

1. runs laterally across metatarsal bases
   a) branches into 4th/5th metatarsal artery

Question 28

Deep plantar artery

Answer 28

passes through first interosseuous space

1. joins lateral planter artery to form planter arch
2. gives rise to first dorsal meta tarsal artery

Question 29

Sole of the foot blood supply

Answer 29

Derived from posterior tibial artery

divides deep to abductor hallucis to form medial and lateral planter arteries

Question 30

Medial plantar artery

Answer 30

passes distally between abductor hallucis and FDB

1. gives rise to two plantar metatarsal and plantar digital arteries

Question 31

Lateral plantar artery

Answer 31

1. runs with lateral plantar nerve

Question 32

Foot arches are formed by

Answer 32

tarsal and metatarsal bones

Question 33

the purpose of foot arches are

Answer 33

1. absorb shock during weightbearing

2. makes foot adaptable to surface and weight changes

Question 34

Two foot arches (1)

Answer 34

1. longitudinal arch consists of medial and lateral parts

2. formed by calcaneus, talus, navicular, three cuneiforms and medial three metatarsals

Question 35

Two foot arches (2)

Answer 35

1. transverse arch
2. runs between medial and lateral longitudinal arches
3. formed by cuboid, three cuneiforms, and metatarsal bases

Question 36

what do arches consist of?

Answer 36

dynamic and passive support

Question 37

dynamic support

Answer 37

includes tibialis anterior and posterior,
flexor hallucis longus
intrinsic plantar muscles

Question 38

passive support

Answer 38

by plantar aponeurosis, short and long plantar ligaments

short and long plantar ligaments, and plantar calcaneonavicular ligaments (Spring ligaments)

Question 39

Spring ligaments

Answer 39

plantar calcaneonavicular ligaments in passive support of foot arch

Question 40

Passive fallen arch

Answer 40

due primarily to laxity in the spring ligament

Question 41

Pes planus

Answer 41

flatfeet, results from fallen arches

usually medial parts and longitudinal arch
plantar calcaneonavicular ligament can no longer support talus head

Question 42

Tibial nerves divide

Answer 42

a) medial and lateral plantar nerves
b) supply all intrinsic muscles of the foot except two dorsum muscles

supply plantar skin

Question 43

always have
fun drinking beer
made lightly
from hops barley

Answer 43

Larger of the two terminal branches of tibial nerve

Motor to:

abductor hallucis
flexor digitorum brevis
most medial lumbrical (st digit)
flexor hallucis brevis