Leg And Dorsum Of The Foot Flashcards
What is the function of the retinaculum and what does it prevent from happening
Connective tissue that holds in tendons and prevents bowstringing of the tendons
Inversion
Sole of the foot up medially
Eversion
Sole of the foot up laterally
How do you typically sprain an ankle
Excessive inversion
Posterior compartment of the leg
Muscle action
Nerve
Artery
Muscle action: plantar flex for, flex toes, invert foot
Nerve: tibial nerve
Artery: posterior tibial artery
Lateral compartment of the leg
muscle action
Nerve supply
Artery supply
Muscle action: evert foot
Nerve: superficial peroneal (fibula) nerve
Artery: posterior tibial artery (lateral branch)
Anterior compartment of the leg
Muscle action
Nerve supply
Artery supply
Muscle action: dorsiflexion foot, extend toes, and invert foot
Nerve Supply: deep peroneal nerve
Artery: anterior tibial artery
Gastrocnemius O I A N
O: Femur
I: Achilles tendon to the calcaneus
A: plantar flex foot
N: tibial nerve
Soleus O I A N
O: fibula/tibia on the solear line
I: calcaneus
A: plantar flex foot
N: tibial nerve
Plantaris O I A N
O: femur
I: calcaneus
A: plantar flex foot
N: tibial nerve
Flexor hallucus longus O I A N
O: fibula
I: distal phalanx of big toe
A: plantar flex big toe/foot
N: tibial nerve
Flexor digitorum longus O I A N
O: tibia
I: distal phalanges of lateral 4 toes
A: plantar flex lateral 4 toes/foot
N: tibial nerve
Tibialis posterior O I A N
O: tibia, fibula, interosseus membrane
I: navicular bone, cuneiform, cuboid, metatarsals 2-4
A: plantar flex foot and invert foot
N: tibial nerve
Tibialis anterior O I A N
O: tibiaI
I: medial cuneiform and 1st metatarsal
A: Dorsiflex, invert foot
N: deep peroneal nerve
Extensor Hallicus Longus O I A N
O: fibula/interosseus membrane
I: distal phalanx of big toe
A: dorsiflex and extend big toe
N: deep peroneal nerve
Extensor digitorum longus O I A N
O: Tibia, fibula, interosseus membrnae
I: extensor expansions of lateral 4 toes
A: dorsiflex foot and extend toes
N: deep peroneal nerve
Peroneus tertius O I A N
O: fibula and interosseus membrane
I: 5th metatarsal
A: dorsiflex foot and evert
N: deep peroneal nerve
Extensor digitorum brevis O I A N
O: calcaneus
I: extensor expansions of toes 2-4
A: extend toes
N: deep peroneal nerve
Peroneus longus O I A N
O: fibula
I: 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform
A: evert foot
N: superficial peroneal nerve
Peroneus Brevis O I A N
O: fibula
I: 5th metatarsal
A: evert foot
N: superficial peroneal nerve
Sole of foot 1st layer
Abductor hallicus
A
N
O: calcaneus
I: proximal phalanx of big toe
A: ABDUCT AND FLEX BIG TOE
N: MEDIAL PLANTAR NERVE (1/4)
Sole of foot 1st layer
Abductor digiti minimi
A
N
O: calcaneus
I proximal phalanx of little toe
A: ABDUCT AND FLEX LITTLE TOE
N: LATERAL PLANTAR NERVE
Sole of foot 1st layer
Flexor digitorum brevis
A
N
O: calcaneus
I: middle phalanges of lateral 4 toes
A: FLEX LATERAL 4 TOES
N: MEDIAL LANTER NERVE (2/4)
Sole of foot 2nd layer
Quadratus plantae
A
N
A: assist in flexing lateral 4 toes
N: lateral plantar nerve
Sole of foot 2nd layer
Lumbricals
A
N
A: flex toes at metatarsophalangeal joint/extend toes at the interphalangeal joint
N: Lumbrical 1 =medial plantar nerve (3/4)
Lumbrical 2-4= lateral plantar nerve
Sole of foot 3rd layer
Flexor hallicus brevis
A
N
A: flex big toe
N: medial plantar nerve (4/4)
Sole of foot 3rd layer
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
A
N
A: flex little toe
N: lateral plantar nerve
Sole of foot 3rd layer
Adductor hallicus
A
N
A: adduct and flex big toe
N: lateral plantar nerve
Sole of foot 4th layer
Plantar interosseus muscles
A
N
A: Adduct toes and flex metatarsalphalangeal joint
N: lateral plantar nerve
Sole of foot 4th layer
Dorsal interosseus muscles
A
N
A: abduct toes and flex metatarsalphalangeal joint
N: lateral plantar nerve
Fabella
What is it and what can it be mistaken for on an X-ray
It is the lateral head that can sometimes contain sesamoid bone and can be mistaken as a fracture on x-rays
What nerves does a patellar tendon tap test
L2,3,4
What nerves does an Achilles tendon tap test
S1,2
What nerve and artery course between the superficial and deep groups of the posterior compartment of the lower leg
Posterior tibial artery and tibial nerve
Under what does the tendon of the flexor hallicus longus pass
It passes under the Sustentaculum tali, it is a projection from the calcaneus, and it acts as a pulley
What is Tom, Dick, and Harry; where are they located
Working anteriorly to posteriorly on the medial leg Tom: Tibialis posterior Dick: Flexor Digitorum Longus A: posterior tibial artery N: Tibial nerve Harry: Flexor Hallicus Longus
What is the flexor retinaculum and the corresponding clinical correlate
The flexor retinaculum functions as a tunnel for tendons of Deep muscles on the medial side of the ankle joint to pass and covered with synovial sheaths
Clinical correlate: tarsal tunnel syndrome caused by swelling of the synovial sheaths and can compress the tibial nerve causing numbness of the sole of the foot/toes and weakened flexion of the toes
Where does the peroneus longus insert
1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform
Where does the peroneus brevis insert
5th metatarsal
What are the retinaculum on the anterior side of the leg
Superior and inferior extensor retinacula
Clinical correlate of the anterior compartment
Anterior leg syndrome: when the fascia swells can cause foot drop (loss of dorsiflexion due to compression of deep peroneal nerve)
Where does the common peroneal nerve travel
Leaves the popliteal fossa and winds the neck around the fibula to the anterior side
Intermittent claudication
Narrowing off poesterior tibial artery due to arteriosclerosis and can produce ischemia
What does the posterior tibial artery become
It travels with the tibial nerve and divides into the medial and lateral plantar arteries branch
What does the peroneal artery supply
Branches to muscles of the lateral and posterior compartment
What does the anterior tibial artery become and travel with
Teachers with the deep peroneal nerve
a) anterior tibial recurrent artery (knee anastamosis)
B) medial and lateral malleolar arteries (anastomoses at ankle)
C) dorsallis pedis
Arcuate artery
Where is the pulse of the dorsalis pedis artery taken
On the dorsal of the foot between dial and lateral maleoli
Valgus
Distal bone at joint is deviated laterally away from the midline of body. All pressure. Laterally
Varus
Distal bone at a joint is deviated toward midline
All pressure on medial
