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Everything Of The Lower Extremity > Leg And Dorsum Of The Foot > Flashcards

Leg And Dorsum Of The Foot Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the retinaculum and what does it prevent from happening

A

Connective tissue that holds in tendons and prevents bowstringing of the tendons

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2
Q

Inversion

A

Sole of the foot up medially

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3
Q

Eversion

A

Sole of the foot up laterally

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4
Q

How do you typically sprain an ankle

A

Excessive inversion

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5
Q

Posterior compartment of the leg
Muscle action
Nerve
Artery

A

Muscle action: plantar flex for, flex toes, invert foot
Nerve: tibial nerve
Artery: posterior tibial artery

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6
Q

Lateral compartment of the leg
muscle action
Nerve supply
Artery supply

A

Muscle action: evert foot
Nerve: superficial peroneal (fibula) nerve
Artery: posterior tibial artery (lateral branch)

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7
Q

Anterior compartment of the leg
Muscle action
Nerve supply
Artery supply

A

Muscle action: dorsiflexion foot, extend toes, and invert foot
Nerve Supply: deep peroneal nerve
Artery: anterior tibial artery

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8
Q 
Gastrocnemius
O
I
A
N
A

O: Femur
I: Achilles tendon to the calcaneus
A: plantar flex foot
N: tibial nerve

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9
Q 
Soleus
O
I
A
N
A

O: fibula/tibia on the solear line
I: calcaneus
A: plantar flex foot
N: tibial nerve

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10
Q 
Plantaris
O
I
A
N
A

O: femur
I: calcaneus
A: plantar flex foot
N: tibial nerve

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11
Q 
Flexor hallucus longus
O
I
A
N
A

O: fibula
I: distal phalanx of big toe
A: plantar flex big toe/foot
N: tibial nerve

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12
Q 
Flexor digitorum longus
O
I
A
N
A

O: tibia
I: distal phalanges of lateral 4 toes
A: plantar flex lateral 4 toes/foot
N: tibial nerve

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13
Q 
Tibialis posterior
O
I
A
N
A

O: tibia, fibula, interosseus membrane
I: navicular bone, cuneiform, cuboid, metatarsals 2-4
A: plantar flex foot and invert foot
N: tibial nerve

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14
Q 
Tibialis anterior
O
I
A
N
A

O: tibiaI
I: medial cuneiform and 1st metatarsal
A: Dorsiflex, invert foot
N: deep peroneal nerve

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15
Q 
Extensor Hallicus Longus
O
I
A
N
A

O: fibula/interosseus membrane
I: distal phalanx of big toe
A: dorsiflex and extend big toe
N: deep peroneal nerve

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16
Q 
Extensor digitorum longus
O
I
A
N
A

O: Tibia, fibula, interosseus membrnae
I: extensor expansions of lateral 4 toes
A: dorsiflex foot and extend toes
N: deep peroneal nerve

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17
Q 
Peroneus tertius
O
I
A
N
A

O: fibula and interosseus membrane
I: 5th metatarsal
A: dorsiflex foot and evert
N: deep peroneal nerve

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18
Q 
Extensor digitorum brevis
O
I
A
N
A

O: calcaneus
I: extensor expansions of toes 2-4
A: extend toes
N: deep peroneal nerve

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19
Q 
Peroneus longus
O
I
A
N
A

O: fibula
I: 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform
A: evert foot
N: superficial peroneal nerve

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20
Q 
Peroneus Brevis
O
I
A
N
A

O: fibula
I: 5th metatarsal
A: evert foot
N: superficial peroneal nerve

21
Q

Sole of foot 1st layer
Abductor hallicus
A
N

A

O: calcaneus
I: proximal phalanx of big toe
A: ABDUCT AND FLEX BIG TOE
N: MEDIAL PLANTAR NERVE (1/4)

22
Q

Sole of foot 1st layer
Abductor digiti minimi
A
N

A

O: calcaneus
I proximal phalanx of little toe
A: ABDUCT AND FLEX LITTLE TOE
N: LATERAL PLANTAR NERVE

23
Q

Sole of foot 1st layer
Flexor digitorum brevis
A
N

A

O: calcaneus
I: middle phalanges of lateral 4 toes
A: FLEX LATERAL 4 TOES
N: MEDIAL LANTER NERVE (2/4)

24
Q

Sole of foot 2nd layer
Quadratus plantae

A
N

A

A: assist in flexing lateral 4 toes
N: lateral plantar nerve

25
Q

Sole of foot 2nd layer
Lumbricals
A
N

A

A: flex toes at metatarsophalangeal joint/extend toes at the interphalangeal joint
N: Lumbrical 1 =medial plantar nerve (3/4)
Lumbrical 2-4= lateral plantar nerve

26
Q

Sole of foot 3rd layer
Flexor hallicus brevis
A
N

A

A: flex big toe
N: medial plantar nerve (4/4)

27
Q

Sole of foot 3rd layer
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
A
N

A

A: flex little toe
N: lateral plantar nerve

28
Q

Sole of foot 3rd layer
Adductor hallicus
A
N

A

A: adduct and flex big toe
N: lateral plantar nerve

29
Q

Sole of foot 4th layer
Plantar interosseus muscles
A
N

A

A: Adduct toes and flex metatarsalphalangeal joint
N: lateral plantar nerve

30
Q

Sole of foot 4th layer
Dorsal interosseus muscles
A
N

A

A: abduct toes and flex metatarsalphalangeal joint
N: lateral plantar nerve

31
Q

Fabella

What is it and what can it be mistaken for on an X-ray

A

It is the lateral head that can sometimes contain sesamoid bone and can be mistaken as a fracture on x-rays

32
Q

What nerves does a patellar tendon tap test

A

L2,3,4

33
Q

What nerves does an Achilles tendon tap test

A

S1,2

34
Q

What nerve and artery course between the superficial and deep groups of the posterior compartment of the lower leg

A

Posterior tibial artery and tibial nerve

35
Q

Under what does the tendon of the flexor hallicus longus pass

A

It passes under the Sustentaculum tali, it is a projection from the calcaneus, and it acts as a pulley

36
Q

What is Tom, Dick, and Harry; where are they located

A 
Working anteriorly to posteriorly on the medial leg
Tom:  Tibialis posterior
Dick: Flexor Digitorum Longus
A: posterior tibial artery
N: Tibial nerve
Harry: Flexor Hallicus Longus
37
Q

What is the flexor retinaculum and the corresponding clinical correlate

A

The flexor retinaculum functions as a tunnel for tendons of Deep muscles on the medial side of the ankle joint to pass and covered with synovial sheaths

Clinical correlate: tarsal tunnel syndrome caused by swelling of the synovial sheaths and can compress the tibial nerve causing numbness of the sole of the foot/toes and weakened flexion of the toes

38
Q

Where does the peroneus longus insert

A

1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform

39
Q

Where does the peroneus brevis insert

A

5th metatarsal

40
Q

What are the retinaculum on the anterior side of the leg

A

Superior and inferior extensor retinacula

41
Q

Clinical correlate of the anterior compartment

A

Anterior leg syndrome: when the fascia swells can cause foot drop (loss of dorsiflexion due to compression of deep peroneal nerve)

42
Q

Where does the common peroneal nerve travel

A

Leaves the popliteal fossa and winds the neck around the fibula to the anterior side

43
Q

Intermittent claudication

A

Narrowing off poesterior tibial artery due to arteriosclerosis and can produce ischemia

44
Q

What does the posterior tibial artery become

A

It travels with the tibial nerve and divides into the medial and lateral plantar arteries branch

45
Q

What does the peroneal artery supply

A

Branches to muscles of the lateral and posterior compartment

46
Q

What does the anterior tibial artery become and travel with

A

Teachers with the deep peroneal nerve
a) anterior tibial recurrent artery (knee anastamosis)
B) medial and lateral malleolar arteries (anastomoses at ankle)
C) dorsallis pedis
Arcuate artery

47
Q

Where is the pulse of the dorsalis pedis artery taken

A

On the dorsal of the foot between dial and lateral maleoli

48
Q

Valgus

A

Distal bone at joint is deviated laterally away from the midline of body. All pressure. Laterally

49
Q

Varus

A

Distal bone at a joint is deviated toward midline

All pressure on medial

Everything Of The Lower Extremity (11 decks)

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