Joints Of The Lower Extremity Flashcards
Function of the synovial membrane
Secretion ofsynovial fluid
Articulates cartilage
Cartilage layer on the bones at the point of contact and serves as a shock absorber and reduces the effects of friction on the bone
Intrinsic ligaments are…
Thickening of the capsule
Accessory ligaments are
Sepparate from the capsule
Function of the acetabular labrum and the transverse acetabular ligament
Acetabular labrum bridges the acetabular notch and is strengthened by the transverse acetabular ligament
Hip joint ligaments
Iliofemoral ligament
Attachments and function
Strongest in the body and attached above the ilium and below to the intertrochanteric line
Prevents overextension of the hip
Ligaments of the hip
Pubofeoral ligament
Attachment and function
Attaches to the superior ramps of the pubis and lower part of the intertrochanteric line
Limits extension and abduction
Ischiofemoral ligament
Posterior
Attached to ischium and greater trochanter
Limits extension
Ligament of the head of the femur’attachment and function
Attaches to the head of the femur at the fovea capitulation and to the transverse acetabular ligament
Transmits artery of ligament of head of the femur (branch of the obturator artery)
Congenital hip dislocation
Upper lip of the acetabulum may fail to form causing the head of the femur to dislocate superiorly and the leg to be rotated medially because of the gluteus medius and minimus as well as causing it to appear shorter
Fracture of the head of the femur
Common in the elderly causing the leg to rotate laterally due to the action of the gluteus maximus and sort rotators of the hip
Fracture of the neck of the femur complications and blood supply
The head is supplied by the obturator artery and the medial circumflex. Fracture destroys supply front he circumflex and if the supply from the obturator is insufficient, avascular necrosis may occur
Suprapatellar bursa location
Posterior to the quadriceps tendon
Prepatellar bursa location
In subcutaneous tissue between skin and patella
Superficial infrapatellar bursa location
Between skin and patellar ligament
Clinical correlate for the prepatellar bursa and location
Located in the subcutaneous tissue between the skin and patella and inflamation is called HOUSEMAIDS KNEE
Clinical correlate for the superficial infrapatellar bursa and location
Located between skin and the patellar ligament and inflamation is called clergyman knee
Terrible triad of the knee joint
Blow to the lateral side of the knee while flexed can tear the medial collateral, anterior cruciate, and medial meniscus
Popliteus function and location
When flexed, rotates the femur laterally, which produces relaxation of the ligaments
What is the type of joint between the tibia and fibula and what is the connective tissue between them called
Syndemosis and it is called the interosseus membrane
The high ankle sprain is a sprain of what
The anterior inferior tibia-fibula ligaments!!!!!
Joint between the talus and tibia
Uniaxial hinge joint that permits dorsiflexion and plantarflexion
Medial deltoid ligament
Very strong: attaches tot he medal malleolus of the tibia and below to the medial surface of the talus and calcaneus
Permits. Plantar/dorsiflexion, but limits eversion
Ligaments of the lateral ankle
All attach to the lateral malleolus of the fibula
1. Anterior talofibular
2. Calcaneofibular
Stretching of these is indicated in a low ankle sprain
Joints of inversion and eversion
Subtalar joint between the talus and calcaneus
Transverse tarsal joint-talus and navicular medially
Calcaneus and cuboid laterally
Potts fractures
Caused by excessive eversion. Strong deltoid ligament does not rupture but the medial malleolus is fractured and there is a break of the shaft of the fibula
Excessive inversion…
Stretching of the talofibular and calcaneofibular ligaments are stretched or torn causing a sprain
