Joints Of The Lower Extremity

Question 1

Function of the synovial membrane

Answer 1

Secretion ofsynovial fluid

Question 2

Articulates cartilage

Answer 2

Cartilage layer on the bones at the point of contact and serves as a shock absorber and reduces the effects of friction on the bone

Question 3

Intrinsic ligaments are…

Answer 3

Thickening of the capsule

Question 4

Accessory ligaments are

Answer 4

Sepparate from the capsule

Question 5

Function of the acetabular labrum and the transverse acetabular ligament

Answer 5

Acetabular labrum bridges the acetabular notch and is strengthened by the transverse acetabular ligament

Question 6

Hip joint ligaments
Iliofemoral ligament
Attachments and function

Answer 6

Strongest in the body and attached above the ilium and below to the intertrochanteric line
Prevents overextension of the hip

Question 7

Ligaments of the hip
Pubofeoral ligament
Attachment and function

Answer 7

Attaches to the superior ramps of the pubis and lower part of the intertrochanteric line
Limits extension and abduction

Question 8

Ischiofemoral ligament

Posterior

Answer 8

Attached to ischium and greater trochanter

Limits extension

Question 9

Ligament of the head of the femur’attachment and function

Answer 9

Attaches to the head of the femur at the fovea capitulation and to the transverse acetabular ligament
Transmits artery of ligament of head of the femur (branch of the obturator artery)

Question 10

Congenital hip dislocation

Answer 10

Upper lip of the acetabulum may fail to form causing the head of the femur to dislocate superiorly and the leg to be rotated medially because of the gluteus medius and minimus as well as causing it to appear shorter

Question 11

Fracture of the head of the femur

Answer 11

Common in the elderly causing the leg to rotate laterally due to the action of the gluteus maximus and sort rotators of the hip

Question 12

Fracture of the neck of the femur complications and blood supply

Answer 12

The head is supplied by the obturator artery and the medial circumflex. Fracture destroys supply front he circumflex and if the supply from the obturator is insufficient, avascular necrosis may occur

Question 13

Suprapatellar bursa location

Answer 13

Posterior to the quadriceps tendon

Question 14

Prepatellar bursa location

Answer 14

In subcutaneous tissue between skin and patella

Question 15

Superficial infrapatellar bursa location

Answer 15

Between skin and patellar ligament

Question 16

Clinical correlate for the prepatellar bursa and location

Answer 16

Located in the subcutaneous tissue between the skin and patella and inflamation is called HOUSEMAIDS KNEE

Question 17

Clinical correlate for the superficial infrapatellar bursa and location

Answer 17

Located between skin and the patellar ligament and inflamation is called clergyman knee

Question 18

Terrible triad of the knee joint

Answer 18

Blow to the lateral side of the knee while flexed can tear the medial collateral, anterior cruciate, and medial meniscus

Question 19

Popliteus function and location

Answer 19

When flexed, rotates the femur laterally, which produces relaxation of the ligaments

Question 20

What is the type of joint between the tibia and fibula and what is the connective tissue between them called

Answer 20

Syndemosis and it is called the interosseus membrane

Question 21

The high ankle sprain is a sprain of what

Answer 21

The anterior inferior tibia-fibula ligaments!!!!!

Question 22

Joint between the talus and tibia

Answer 22

Uniaxial hinge joint that permits dorsiflexion and plantarflexion

Question 23

Medial deltoid ligament

Answer 23

Very strong: attaches tot he medal malleolus of the tibia and below to the medial surface of the talus and calcaneus

Permits. Plantar/dorsiflexion, but limits eversion

Question 24

Ligaments of the lateral ankle

Answer 24

All attach to the lateral malleolus of the fibula
1. Anterior talofibular
2. Calcaneofibular
Stretching of these is indicated in a low ankle sprain

Question 25

Joints of inversion and eversion

Answer 25

Subtalar joint between the talus and calcaneus
Transverse tarsal joint-talus and navicular medially
Calcaneus and cuboid laterally

Question 26

Potts fractures

Answer 26

Caused by excessive eversion. Strong deltoid ligament does not rupture but the medial malleolus is fractured and there is a break of the shaft of the fibula

Question 27

Excessive inversion…

Answer 27

Stretching of the talofibular and calcaneofibular ligaments are stretched or torn causing a sprain