Gluteal And Posterior Thigh Flashcards
Hip joint: ball and socket Abduction Adduction Rotation Knee joint: condylar joint Flexion Extension Rotation
Hip adduction: medial
Hip abduction: lateral
Hip rotation: movement about the long axis of the femur
Knee flexion: posterior
Knee Extension: anterior
Knee rotation: movement about the long axis of the tibia
Gluteus maximus O I A N
O: ilium, sacrum, coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament
I: femur, IT tract
A: extend, laterally rotate femur (also keeps the leg extended via the IT tract)
N: inferior gluteal nerve
Gluteus Medius O I A N
O: Ilium
I: Femur (greater trochanter)
A: abduct and medically rotate femur (support weight when lift the opposite leg)
N: superior gluteal nerve
Gluteus Minimus O I A N
O: Ilium
I: femur (greater trochanter)
A: abduct and medially rotate the femur as well as support weight of the opposite leg when lifted
N: superior gluteal nerve
Tensor fascia lata O I A N
O: Ilium (ant superior iliac spine)
I: IT tract
A: abduct femur (also keeps leg ext via IT tract)
N: superior gluteal nerve
Piriformis O I A N
O: Sacrum
I: femur (greater trochanter)
A: laterally rotate femur
N: nerve to piriformis
Obturator internus O I A N
O: obturator membrane
I: femur (greater trochanter)
A: laterally rotate femur
N: nerve to obturator internus
Superior Gemellus O I A N
O: ischial spine
I: femur (greater trochanter of the femur)
A: laterally rotate the femur
N: nerve to the obturator internus
Inferior gemellus O I A N
O: Ismail tuberosity
I: femur (greater trochanter)
A: laterally rotate femur
N: nerve to the quadratus femoris
Quadratus femoris O I A N
O: ischial tuberosity
I: femur
A: laterally rotate the femur
N: nerve to the quadratus femoris
Semimembranosus O I A N
O: ischial tuberosity
I: tibia
A: 1. Flex knee, 2. Extend hip joint
N: tibial part of sciatic nerve
Semitendonosus O I A N
O: ischial tuberosity
I: tibia
A: Flex knee and extend the hip joint
N: tibial part of sciatic nerve
Biceps femoris O I A N
O: ischial tuberosity (long head) Femur (short head)
I: Fibula
A: flex knee and ext hip joint long head only
N: long head-tibial part of the sciatic
Short head-common peroneal part of the sciatic nerve
Adductor magnus (hamstring part) O I A N
O: ischial tuberosity
I: femur
A: extend the hip joint
N: tibial part of the sciatic nerve
Popliteus O I A N
O: femur
I: tibia
A: laterally rotate the femur (unlock the knee joint)
N: tibial nerve
Gluteal Gait
Caused by what?
Caused by injury to the superior gluteal nerve (glut med/min). Paralyzed glut med/ min. Pelvis tilts down on non-paralyzed side when walking on the non paralyzed leg
Positive trendelenburg sign- when you lift the opposite leg, pelvis tilts down on the opposite side
What separates the gluteus medius from the minimus
Minimus is separated from the medius by the superior gluteal nerves and vessels
Easy identification of the tensor fascia lata
Muscle attached to the fascia of the IT tract
Takes origin from the anterior superior iliac spine
Insertion is the IT tract
Action: abduct the hip and mantain leg extension
N: superior gluteal nerve
Bursae
What are they
What is their function
Where are they found
They are bags of fluid surrounded by connective tissue
They function as shock absorbers and reduce friction of movement of muscle tendons against bones or other tendons
Some are Ischial tuberosity and greater trochanter bursae
Trochanteral bursa
What does it separate
Separates the gluteus maximus from he greater trochanter of femur and vastus lateralis
Ischial bursa
What does it separate
Clinical correlation***
Separates gluteus maximus from the ischial tuberosity
Weavers bottom***: inflammation of the ischial bursae because of inflammation due to excess inflammation
Piriformis muscle
Landmark how?
Sequence of muscles using the piriformis as a landmark superior to inferior
Muscle that the sciatic nerve disappears under*** Piriformis Superior gememlus Tendon of the obturator Obturator internus Inferior gemelus Quadratus femoris
Superior gluteal artery location
Above the piriformis and courses veteran the gluteus medius and minimus
Inferior gluteal artery location
Below the piriformis and branches join the cruciate anastamosis at the hip joint
Superior gluteal nerve location and what it supplies
In Cervantes the gluteus medius, minimus, and tensor fascia lata
Inferior gluteal nerve locations nd supply
Innervates the gluteus maximus and is below the piriformis
Posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh supply and location
Large sensory nerve to posterior thigh and gluteal region, medal tot he sciatic nerve
Sciatic nerve
What it branches to and where are they located
How can it be damaged
Clinical correlate
Branches to become the tibial nerve and the common peroneal nerve and this will typically happen in the popliteal fossa
Damaged in posterior dislocation of the hip
Clinical correlate: when giving an intramuscular injection in the gluteal region you give the injection in the upper lateral quadrant of the gluteal region to avoid damage of the sciatic nerve
Early branching of the sciatic. Nerve clinical correlate
Tibial and peroneal branches can poss through or over the piriformis and give rise to the piriformis syndrome which compresses the sciatic nerve. Treated by cutting through the piriformis
Where do all hamstring muscles originate
The ischial tuberosity and they all cross hip and knee joint to extend the thigh as well as flex the leg
What is the nerve supply of the hamstring muscles
All hamstring muscles supplied by the tibial part of the sciatic nerve except for the short head of the biceps (peroneal part of the sciatic)
Pulled hamstring clinical correlate
Can tear off (avulse) part of the origin of muscles from the ischial tuberosity. Happens when running or extending the knee and is extremely painful
What does the tibial nerve supply
Supplies the posterior compartment of the leg
Aural nerve accompanies the small saphenous wins and supplies swensation to what
Posterior side of the calf and lateral foot
Common peroneal nerve supply
Lateral and arterial compartments of the leg
Lateral Surat cutaneous nerve
Sensation to skin of lateral calf
Clinical correlate of damage to the common peroneal nerve and its location
Winds around the kneck of the fibula and can be damaged by a fracture or tight casts. The sign of damage is called FOOT DROP
Popliteus muscle O I A N
O: lateral condyle of femur
I: tibia
A: rotate the femur laterally when beginning to flex the leg which acts to unlock the knee
N: Tibial nerve
4 components of the geniucular anastomoses
- Superior medial genicular artery (from femoral artery) anastomoses with the descending genicular artery
- Superior lateral genicular artery- anastomoses with the descending branch of the lateral femoral artery
- Inferior medial genicular artery
Inferior lateral genicular artery both anastomoses with the recurrent branch of the anterior tibial artery
Medial genicular artery
When present, arises from the popliteal artery
Aneurysm of the popliteal artery clinical correlate
Femoral artery can be lighted above the knee deep to the sartorius in the subsartorial canal and the blood supply will be maintained by anastomoses around the knee
