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Everything Of The Lower Extremity > Gluteal And Posterior Thigh > Flashcards

Gluteal And Posterior Thigh Flashcards

1
Q 
Hip joint: ball and socket
Abduction
Adduction
Rotation
Knee joint: condylar joint
Flexion
Extension
Rotation
A

Hip adduction: medial
Hip abduction: lateral
Hip rotation: movement about the long axis of the femur
Knee flexion: posterior
Knee Extension: anterior
Knee rotation: movement about the long axis of the tibia

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2
Q 
Gluteus maximus
O
I
A 
N
A

O: ilium, sacrum, coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament
I: femur, IT tract
A: extend, laterally rotate femur (also keeps the leg extended via the IT tract)
N: inferior gluteal nerve

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3
Q 
Gluteus Medius
O
I
A
N
A

O: Ilium
I: Femur (greater trochanter)
A: abduct and medically rotate femur (support weight when lift the opposite leg)
N: superior gluteal nerve

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4
Q 
Gluteus Minimus
O
I
A
N
A

O: Ilium
I: femur (greater trochanter)
A: abduct and medially rotate the femur as well as support weight of the opposite leg when lifted
N: superior gluteal nerve

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5
Q 
Tensor fascia lata
O
I 
A
N
A

O: Ilium (ant superior iliac spine)
I: IT tract
A: abduct femur (also keeps leg ext via IT tract)
N: superior gluteal nerve

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6
Q 
Piriformis
O
I
A
N
A

O: Sacrum
I: femur (greater trochanter)
A: laterally rotate femur
N: nerve to piriformis

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7
Q 
Obturator internus
O
I
A
N
A

O: obturator membrane
I: femur (greater trochanter)
A: laterally rotate femur
N: nerve to obturator internus

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8
Q 
Superior Gemellus
O
I
A
N
A

O: ischial spine
I: femur (greater trochanter of the femur)
A: laterally rotate the femur
N: nerve to the obturator internus

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9
Q 
Inferior gemellus
O
I
A
N
A

O: Ismail tuberosity
I: femur (greater trochanter)
A: laterally rotate femur
N: nerve to the quadratus femoris

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10
Q 
Quadratus femoris
O
I
A
N
A

O: ischial tuberosity
I: femur
A: laterally rotate the femur
N: nerve to the quadratus femoris

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11
Q 
Semimembranosus
O
I
A
N
A

O: ischial tuberosity
I: tibia
A: 1. Flex knee, 2. Extend hip joint
N: tibial part of sciatic nerve

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12
Q 
Semitendonosus
O
I
A
N
A

O: ischial tuberosity
I: tibia
A: Flex knee and extend the hip joint
N: tibial part of sciatic nerve

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13
Q 
Biceps femoris 
O
I
A
N
A

O: ischial tuberosity (long head) Femur (short head)
I: Fibula
A: flex knee and ext hip joint long head only
N: long head-tibial part of the sciatic
Short head-common peroneal part of the sciatic nerve

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14
Q 
Adductor magnus (hamstring part)
O
I
A
N
A

O: ischial tuberosity
I: femur
A: extend the hip joint
N: tibial part of the sciatic nerve

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15
Q 
Popliteus
O
I
A
N
A

O: femur
I: tibia
A: laterally rotate the femur (unlock the knee joint)
N: tibial nerve

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16
Q

Gluteal Gait

Caused by what?

A

Caused by injury to the superior gluteal nerve (glut med/min). Paralyzed glut med/ min. Pelvis tilts down on non-paralyzed side when walking on the non paralyzed leg
Positive trendelenburg sign- when you lift the opposite leg, pelvis tilts down on the opposite side

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17
Q

What separates the gluteus medius from the minimus

A

Minimus is separated from the medius by the superior gluteal nerves and vessels

18
Q

Easy identification of the tensor fascia lata

A

Muscle attached to the fascia of the IT tract
Takes origin from the anterior superior iliac spine
Insertion is the IT tract
Action: abduct the hip and mantain leg extension
N: superior gluteal nerve

19
Q

Bursae
What are they
What is their function
Where are they found

A

They are bags of fluid surrounded by connective tissue
They function as shock absorbers and reduce friction of movement of muscle tendons against bones or other tendons
Some are Ischial tuberosity and greater trochanter bursae

20
Q

Trochanteral bursa

What does it separate

A

Separates the gluteus maximus from he greater trochanter of femur and vastus lateralis

21
Q

Ischial bursa
What does it separate
Clinical correlation***

A

Separates gluteus maximus from the ischial tuberosity

Weavers bottom***: inflammation of the ischial bursae because of inflammation due to excess inflammation

22
Q

Piriformis muscle
Landmark how?
Sequence of muscles using the piriformis as a landmark superior to inferior

A 
Muscle that the sciatic nerve disappears under***
Piriformis
Superior gememlus
Tendon of the obturator 
Obturator internus
Inferior gemelus
Quadratus femoris
23
Q

Superior gluteal artery location

A

Above the piriformis and courses veteran the gluteus medius and minimus

24
Q

Inferior gluteal artery location

A

Below the piriformis and branches join the cruciate anastamosis at the hip joint

25
Q

Superior gluteal nerve location and what it supplies

A

In Cervantes the gluteus medius, minimus, and tensor fascia lata

26
Q

Inferior gluteal nerve locations nd supply

A

Innervates the gluteus maximus and is below the piriformis

27
Q

Posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh supply and location

A

Large sensory nerve to posterior thigh and gluteal region, medal tot he sciatic nerve

28
Q

Sciatic nerve
What it branches to and where are they located
How can it be damaged
Clinical correlate

A

Branches to become the tibial nerve and the common peroneal nerve and this will typically happen in the popliteal fossa
Damaged in posterior dislocation of the hip
Clinical correlate: when giving an intramuscular injection in the gluteal region you give the injection in the upper lateral quadrant of the gluteal region to avoid damage of the sciatic nerve

29
Q

Early branching of the sciatic. Nerve clinical correlate

A

Tibial and peroneal branches can poss through or over the piriformis and give rise to the piriformis syndrome which compresses the sciatic nerve. Treated by cutting through the piriformis

30
Q

Where do all hamstring muscles originate

A

The ischial tuberosity and they all cross hip and knee joint to extend the thigh as well as flex the leg

31
Q

What is the nerve supply of the hamstring muscles

A

All hamstring muscles supplied by the tibial part of the sciatic nerve except for the short head of the biceps (peroneal part of the sciatic)

32
Q

Pulled hamstring clinical correlate

A

Can tear off (avulse) part of the origin of muscles from the ischial tuberosity. Happens when running or extending the knee and is extremely painful

33
Q

What does the tibial nerve supply

A

Supplies the posterior compartment of the leg

34
Q

Aural nerve accompanies the small saphenous wins and supplies swensation to what

A

Posterior side of the calf and lateral foot

35
Q

Common peroneal nerve supply

A

Lateral and arterial compartments of the leg

36
Q

Lateral Surat cutaneous nerve

A

Sensation to skin of lateral calf

37
Q

Clinical correlate of damage to the common peroneal nerve and its location

A

Winds around the kneck of the fibula and can be damaged by a fracture or tight casts. The sign of damage is called FOOT DROP

38
Q 
Popliteus muscle 
O
I
A
N
A

O: lateral condyle of femur
I: tibia
A: rotate the femur laterally when beginning to flex the leg which acts to unlock the knee
N: Tibial nerve

39
Q

4 components of the geniucular anastomoses

A
  1. Superior medial genicular artery (from femoral artery) anastomoses with the descending genicular artery
  2. Superior lateral genicular artery- anastomoses with the descending branch of the lateral femoral artery
  3. Inferior medial genicular artery
    Inferior lateral genicular artery both anastomoses with the recurrent branch of the anterior tibial artery
40
Q

Medial genicular artery

A

When present, arises from the popliteal artery

41
Q

Aneurysm of the popliteal artery clinical correlate

A

Femoral artery can be lighted above the knee deep to the sartorius in the subsartorial canal and the blood supply will be maintained by anastomoses around the knee

Everything Of The Lower Extremity (11 decks)

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