Introduction To Radiology

Question 1

What is the loss of energy of X-rays as it passes through the body called

Answer 1

Attenuation

Question 2

Radiopaque/radiodense

Answer 2

Materials that absorb X-rays creating a white image

Question 3

Radioluscent

Answer 3

Less dense tissues allowing the X-ray to pass through causing for a black image

Question 4

Advantages to plain films

Answer 4

Fast
Inexpensive
Can be obtained almost anywhere
Widely used

Question 5

Disadvantages of plain films

Answer 5

Utilizes ionizing radiation
Soft tissue is hard to visualize
Not recommended for pregnant women except in an emergency

Question 6

Fluoroscopy definition

Answer 6

Low dose radiography to measure body in real time, typically used with contrast, and helpful with roceedures

Question 7

CT Scan units of measurement

Answer 7

Hounsfield units is the scale to measure CT density

Question 8

CTT characteristics

Answer 8

Uses ionizing radiation, and constructs 3d image from 2d slices in different planes. Saggiatal, coronal, and transverse

Question 9

CT advantages

Answer 9

Excellent resolution, can see the brain, multiple planes, cheaper and faster than mri

Question 10

CT disadvantages

Answer 10

High radiation dose, can require contrast, a little more expensive, cant visualize structures inside joints as well as MRI

Question 11

Typical closed MRI scanner magnetic field strength

Answer 11

0.5-3.0

Question 12

Open MRI field strength

Answer 12

0.1-1.0

Question 13

T1 weighted image characteristics

Answer 13

Water is dark and better anatomical detail

Question 14

T2 image characteristics

Answer 14

Water is bright and better for pathological lesions

Question 15

MRI advantages

Answer 15

No ionizing radiation, multiple planes to scan, better detail, good for neuro imaging and soft tissue(muscle, tendon, ligament)

Question 16

MRI disadvantages

Answer 16

Cant be manipulated like CT, confined, noisy, movement disrupts, expensive, very long, and very expensive and dangerous around anything metal

Question 17

Ultrasound caracteristics

Answer 17

Uses sound waves

Question 18

Echogenic

Answer 18

Tissue that reflects many echoes and is bright or white

Question 19

Sonoluscent

Answer 19

Few or no echoes and is depicted as dark or black

Question 20

Ultrasound advantages

Answer 20

No radiation, real time images, inexpensive, portable

Question 21

Ultrasound disadvantages

Answer 21

Bone and air filled structures interfere with image, fat patients struggle

Question 22

Background radiation

Answer 22

Radiation we are exposed to every day

Question 23

Average background does

Answer 23

2.4mSv/yr

Question 24

Most sensitive tissue to radiation is the

Answer 24

Thyroid

Question 25

Why should femurs be internally rotated when obtaining an Ap pelvis film

Answer 25

So the necks can be assessed for fractures

Question 26

Shentons line

Answer 26

Medial edge of the femoral neck and the inferior edge of the superior pubic ramus

Question 27

4 radio graphic features of a posterior hip location

Answer 27

1. Femoral head lateral and superior to the acetabulum***
2. Fracture of the posterior rim of the acetabulum may occur
3. Femur in internal rotation and adduction***
4. Affected femoral head may appear smaller

Question 28

What should you evaluate when looking at an X-ray of a knee

Answer 28

Signs of osteoarthritis (joint space narrowing, osteophyte formatoin, subchondral cysts) AP view

Lateral view is good for evaluation of the patella/if joint effusion i present

In all positions the patella is in contact with the femur and the femur in contact with the tibia

Question 29

Sesamoid bone in the head of the gastrocnemius is called

Answer 29

Fabella

Question 30

ABC’s to x-ray reading

Answer 30

A=adequqacy/alignment (minimum 2 views)
B=Bones (cortical outline of all bones)
C=cartilage (evaluate joint spaces for narrowing)
S=soft tissue