Lectures 2-7 Week 1 & 2 Combined Flashcards
CFP Midterm Review Week 1 and a few other other random questions.
1
Q
What is the lithotomy position?
A
for examination of genitals and anal area, hips and knees fully flexed, thighs separated
2
Q
What is the coronal?
A
the front plane, frontal section
3
Q
What is the midsagittal?
A
the median plane/median section
4
Q
What is the axial?
A
Transverse, XS - cross section
5
Q
Anterior
A
towards the front - coronal plane
6
Q
Posterior
A
towards the back
7
Q
Superior
A
towards the head….horizontal plane
8
Q
Inferior
A
towards the feet
9
Q
Medial
A
towards the midline…sagittal plane
10
Q
Lateral
A
away from the midline
11
Q
Ventral
A
(Anterior) towards the belly
12
Q
Dorsal
A
(Posterior) towards the back
13
Q
Cranial/Rostral
A
(Superior) towards the head
14
Q
Caudal
A
towards the tail
15
Q
Proximal
A
nearer to the trunk
16
Q
Distal
A
away from the trunk
17
Q
Ipsilateral
A
of the same side
18
Q
Contralateral
A
of the opposite side
19
Q
What type of x-rays are more likely to pass through?
A
High energy x-ray
20
Q
What is more likely to absorb x-rays?
A
Higher atomic number (larger atoms)
21
Q
What are microfilaments made of?
A
Actin Filaments- G-actin (free molecules in cytoplasm)- F-actin (polymerized in a filament) & ATPmake microvilli & stereocilia
22
Q
What are microtubules made of?
A
Alpha & Beta tubulin protein subunits GTP dependent Functions: 1) intracellular transport (movement of vesicles & organelles2) Cell motility (cilia and flagella)/elongation and movement3) Mitotic Spindle (attachment of chromosomes & movement during cell division)4) Rigid intracellular skeleton5) Assemble & disassemble as cell need changes
23
Q
Where is Loose (areolar) connective tissue found?
A
It’s apart of connective tissue proper and it surrounding • muscles • nerves • blood vessels– Contains more cells than collagen fibers
24
Q
Where is dense regular tissue found?
A
– Tendons – Ligaments – CorneaIt’s characterised by more collagen then cells
25
Where is irregular dense connective tissue found?
Dermis of skin, collagen fibers randomly oriented
26
What are fibroblast?
Principal cell of connective tissue, main cell involved in wound repair, Makes collagen, elastin, reticular fibers & complex carbs of ground substance
27
What are macrophages?
aka tissue histiocytes, are phagocytic cells derived from monocytes in bone marrow, look like kidney shaped cells (hard to identify), function is to ingest and breakdown foreign matter, they stimulate the immune response
28
What are mast cells?
they are oval and cytoplasm is filled w/ basophilic granules, store chemical mediators of inflammatory response, found in small blood vessels, capsules of organs and within organs near vessels, ABSENT from brain and spinal cord (protects from damage due to deem from allergic reactions)
29
Where do adipose cells differentiate from?
fibroblast & mesenchymal cells
30
Name two types of lymphocytes.
T lymp - cell-mediated immunity & b lymph production of antibodies (humeral immunity), B lymph can divide in presence of antigens
31
What are Plasma Cells?
derived from b lymph, limited migratory ability, lives 10-30 days, large cells, Ovoid and lots of basophilic cytoplasm, makes antibodies
32
Eosinophils, Monocytes and Neutrophils
migrate from blood to connective tissue in response to injury and inflammation (especially neutrophils followed by monocytes)
33
Basophils
basophilic granules - cytoplasm, release of histamine from basophilic grannies enhances vascular response to insect bites
34
Collagen Fibers
most abundant fibers in connective tissue, appear wavy, variable in lengths, stain easy w/ Eosin (acid dye)
35
Reticular Fibers
type III collagen, supporting frame work for cellular constituents of tissue and organs, form supporting storm in hemopoietic and lymphatic tissue (not thymus) ABUNDANT in lung and liver tissue
36
Elastic fibers
enables tissue to stretch and distend, are thinner than collagen, large amounts look yellowish, fibers are interwoven w/ collagen, prevents tearing
37
Ground Substance
occupies space b/w cells and fibers, mixture of fluid, adhesion proteins, proteoglycans, gel-like stuff, stains w/ PAS stain but is often lost in H&E preps, consist largely of PROTEOGLYCANS & HYALURONIN ACID, functions as glue, lubricant and barrier
38
What is Ehlers-Danlos type IV disease?
deficiency of type III collagen--rupture of arteries and intestines
39
Epithelial tissue is characterized by each of these traits, except that ____________.
A) it lacks blood vessels
B) it functions in secretion, absorption, and excretion
C) epithelial cells are loosely packed and have much intercellular material
D) it is anchored to a basement membrane
C) epithelial cells are loosely packed and have much intercellular material
40
Microvilli, which function to increase surface area, are more likely to be found in ____________ epithelium.
A) simple cuboidal
B) simple squamous
C) transitional
D) simple columnar
D) simple columnar
41
Epithelium that appears layered due to the varying levels at which nuclei are found in cells, but in reality is not layered, is _________________.
A) transitional epithelium
B) pseudostratified columnar epithelium
C) stratified squamous epithelium
D) stratified columnar epithelium
B) pseudostratified columnar epithelium
42
The outer layer of the skin is composed of ______________________.
A) transitional epithelium
B) pseudostratified columnar epithelium
C) stratified squamous epithelium
D) stratified columnar epithelium
C) stratified squamous epithelium
43
What type of epithelium lines the urinary bladder and is capable of distention?
A) stratified cuboidal epithelium
B) stratified squamous epithelium
C) transitional epithelium
D) stratified columnar epithelium
C) transitional epithelium
44
An exocrine gland that loses small parts of its cell bodies during secretion, as is the case for the mammary gland, is further classified as a(n) ____________ gland.
A) merocrine
B) apocrine
C) holocrine
D) endocrine
B) apocrine
45
Connective tissues are somewhat similar to epithelial tissues in all of these characteristics except ___________________.
A) they have abundant intercellular material B) they can usually reproduce themselves C) they often serve more than one function D) they occur throughout the body
A) they have abundant intercellular materia
46
What function do fibroblasts serve in connective tissue?
A) carry on phagocytosis
B) secrete heparin that prevents blood clotting
C) secrete proteins that become fibers in the connective tissue matrix
D) release histamine associated with allergies and inflammation
C) secrete proteins that become fibers in the
47
The type of cartilage found in intervertebral disks of the vertebral column is ________________.
A) hyaline cartilage B) elastic cartilage C) yellow cartilage D) fibrocartilage
D) fibrocartilage
48
Which muscle tissue is multinucleate, voluntary, and bears striations?
A) skeletal muscle
B) smooth muscle
C) multiunit smooth muscle
D) cardiac muscle
A) skeletal muscle
49
Neuroglial cells help neurons in each of these ways, with the exception of _______________.
A) supporting and binding nervous tissue B) carrying on phagocytosis
C) playing a role in cell-to-cell communications
D) transmitting nervous impulses
D) transmitting nervous impulses
50
Which of the following is not one of the four major types of tissues?
A) epithelial
B) connective
C) nervous
D) skeletal muscle
D) skeletal muscleFor FTM - know EmbryonicConnective tissue proper (loose & dense (irregular and regular))Specialzied-adipose-bone-blood-cartilage
51
The kidney tubules are lined with _____ epithelial cells.
A) columnar
B) cuboidal
C) squamous
D) ciliated
B) cuboidal
52
What type of tissue is found on the surface of the ovaries?
A) simple squamous
B) simple columnar
C) simple cuboidal
D) stratified epithelium
C) simple cuboidal
53
Connective tissue is complex because it has a variety of cells and a noncellular background called a_____ surrounding them.
A) collagen
B) elastin
C) mucous secretion
D) matrix
D) matrix
54
Which of these is not a connective tissue?
A) blood B) bone C) muscle D) cartilage
C) muscle
55
What type of tissue holds most organs together?
A) adipose
B) muscular
C) dense connective
D) loose connective
C) dense connective
56
The type of proteins that guide cells on the move in the bloodstream to their destination at a wound site are _____________.
A) cell adhesion molecules
B) desmosomes
C) gap junctions
D) tight junctions
A) cell adhesion molecules
57
In what part of the nucleus does ribosome production occur?
A) within nuclear pores
B) in the chromatin
C) in the area of the nucleolus
D) Ribosome production does not occur in the nucleus.
C) in the area of the nucleolus
58
During what phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?
A) mitosis
B) prophase of mitosis
C) G2 phase
D) S phase
D) S phase
59
Which types of genetic control normally hold mitosis in check?
A) oncogenes
B) cell adhesion molecules
C) tumor suppressor genes
D) epidermal growth factors
C) tumor suppressor genes
60
The _____ is a system of membranes designed to transport molecules within and out of cells.
A) vacuole
B) chromatin
C) nucleolus
D) endoplasmic reticulum
D) endoplasmic reticulum
61
Flagella can occur on the cells of the following except:
A) sperm B) kidneys C) intestine D) testes
C) intestine
62
Movement of molecules from low to high concentrations is _____.
A) facilitated diffusion
B) active transport
C) passive transport
D) dialysis
B) active transport
63
At which stages does the chromosome number double?
A) prophase B) metaphase C) interphase D) telophase
C) interphase
64
The process of _____ explains how embryonic cells become specialized and diverse.
A) mitosis B) meiosis C) interphase D) differentiation
D) differentiation
65
The main division process in the early embryo is _____.
A) mitosis B) meiosis C) karyokinesis D) metastasis
A) mitosis
66
Jacky is a 26 year old lady who has dysfunctional uterine haemorrhage and was asked to undergo a Papanicolaou test which was her first time. Which of the following would be the most appropriate position?
a) In the Lithotomic position which is lying down with knees fully extended and feet adducted with arms on her side.
b) In the fetal position which is body erect with feet together and upper limbs abducted and trunk hyper extended.
c) In the Lithotomic position which is supine with the buttocks at the edge of the table, hips and knees in a flexed position with feet separated and stabilized.
d) In an Ambulatory position which is lying down with the face directed downwards and feet together with upper limbs fully abducted.
e) In an Anatomical position which is body erect with lower limbs abducted and flexed at the knees.
c) In the Lithotomic position which is supine with the buttocks at the edge of the table, hips and knees in a flexed position with feet separated and stabilized.
67
Which of the following best describes the cell type that digests the extracellular matrix of bone?
A. Osteocyte B. Chondrocyte C. Osteogenic D. Osteoclast E. Osteoblast
D. Osteoclast
68
Which of the following best describes the structures that allow communication between osteocytes?
A. Volkmann's canals B. Nutrient foramen
C. Interstitial lamellae D. Canaliculi E. Haversian canals
D. Canaliculi
69
Which of the following best describes the most abundant class of plasma membrane lipid?
A. Cholesterol B. Glycolipid C. Phospholipid D. Glycoprotein E. Triglyceride
C. Phospholipid
70
Which of the following best describes a type of passive transport?
A. Exocytosis B. Pinocytosis C. Phagocytosis D. Facilitated diffusion E. Receptor-mediated endocytosis
D. Facilitated diffusion
71
Which of the following best describes the cytoskeletal component associated with desmosomes?
A. Actin filament B. Intermediate filament C. Microfilament D. Microtubule E. Centriole
B. Intermediate filament
72
Which of the following best describes the organelle that functions in the generation of adenosine triphosphate?
```
A. Endoplasmic reticulum
B. Golgi apparatus
C. Lysosome
D. Mitochondria
E. Peroxisome
```
D. Mitochondria
73
Which of the following best describes the type of epithelial tissue lining blood vessels?
```
A. Stratified cuboidal
B. Simple squamous
C. Simple columnar
D. Simple cuboidal
E. Stratified squamous - nonkeratinized
```
B. Simple squamous
74
Which of the following best describes the type of cell junction that functions to attach an epithelial cell to the basement membrane?
```
A. Adherens junction
B. Desmosome
C. Gap junction
D. Hemidesmosome
E. Tight junction
```
D. Hemidesmosome
75
Which of the following best describes the type of cell that functions to secrete the fibers and ground substance of the extracellular matrix?
A. Adipocyte B. Fibroblast C. Macrophage D. Mast cell E. Plasma cell
B. Fibroblast
76
Which of the following best describes the type of connective tissue found in ligaments?
A. Adipose B. Loose areolar C. Fibrocartilage
D. Dense regular E. Dense irregular
D. Dense regular
77
Which of the following best describes the cell type of the epidermis that functions in an immune response?
A. Keratinocyte B. Langerhans cell C. Mast cell D. Melanocyte E. Merkel cell
B. Langerhans cell
78
Which of the following best describes the skin gland that produces a holocrine secretion linked to acne?
A. Apocrine B. Ceruminous C. Eccrine
D. Sebaceous E. Sudoriferous
D. Sebaceous
79
Which of the following is an avascular tissue?
a. bone
b. fibrocartilage
c. stratified squamous epitheliumd.
d. Both b and c are correct.e. All three types of tissue are avascular.
D. (both fibrocartilage and stratified squamous epithelium)
80
The two layers of a basement membrane are the:
a. apical and basal layers.
b. parietal and visceral layers.
c. lamina propria and epithelial layers.
d. avascular and vascular layers.
e. basal lamina and reticular lamina.
E. Basal lamina and reticular lamina
81
What type of tissue lines the mouth and present on the outer surface of the skin?
Stratified Squamous Epithelium
82
Where are cadherins found?
This transmembrane protein is found in adherens & desmosomes junctions.
83
Which cell junction contain plaque, adense layer of proteins on the inside of the plasma membrane that attaches both to membrane proteins and to microfilaments of the cytoskeleton?
```
Gap Junction
Tight Junction
Adherens Junction
Desmosome
Hemidesmosome
```
Adherens, Hemidesmosome, and Desmosomes
84
What type of tissue lines blood vessels?
Endothelium
85
Hollow organs belonging to systems that do not open to the outside of the body are lined with a _____________________ membrane.
Serous Membrane
86
_____________derived from a B lymphocyte;produces antibodies as part of an immune response
Plasma Cells
87
______________ large, branched cell; secretesthe extracellular matrix of connective tissues
Fibroblast Cells
88
________________ located along the walls ofblood vessels; secretes histamine, which dilates blood vessels during inflammation
Mast Cells
89
______________ all cells attached to the basement membrane, not all of which reach the surface of tissue
Pseudostratified columnar
90
Which cell is primarily involved in wound repair?
Fibroblast
91
All of the following can diffuse through a protein channel except ______________.Organic moleculesInorganic moleculesHydrophilic moleculesPolar molecules
Organic molecules (ex: glucose)
92
What is the function of stereocilia?
Stereocilia are not cilia but long, hairlike microvilli arranged in several rows of graded height. Stereocilia increase the surface area for thereabsorption of degenerated sperm.
93
What constitutes the hypodermis? LymphocytesHistocytesKeratinocytesAdipocytes
D. Adipocytes. The hypodermis is the subcutaneous layer under the dermis and is where adipocytes are found.
94
Merkel Cells are found in which layer of skin?Stratum CorneumStratum LicudumStratum GranulosumStratum SpinosumStratum Basale
Stratum Basale
95
Which cell produces lamellar granules? KeratinocytesMelanocytesMerkel CellsLangerhans Cells
Keratinocytes produce lamellar granules, which release a water-repellent sealant that decreases water entry and water loss and inhibits the passage of foreign materials.
96
Langerhan cells are found in which layer of the epidermis?Stratum CorneumStratum LucidiumStratum GranulosumStratum SpinosumStratum Basale
Stratum Spinosum
97
Which layer of skin will be prevalent on the soles of your feet and stain eosinphilically?Stratum CorneumStratum LucidumStratum GranulosumStratum SpinosumStratum Basale
The soles of your feet and palms of your hand have thick layers of skin. In the thick layers of skin, you’ll find Stratum Lucidum which is a part of Stratum Corneum. Using an H&E stain, the stratum lucidum region stains eosinphilically.
98
__________________ layer of the dermis is characterized by blood capillaries, meissner corpuscles and free nerve endings that detect touch.
Papillary Layer
99
Describe each layer and the types of cell found in the layer
Stratum Corneum: Keratinized cellsStratum Lucidum: Disrupted organells and nucleusStratum Granulosum: Kerathyalin granules with filaggrin precursor proteinsStratum Spinosum: Langerhans CellsStratum Basale: Extensive cell junctions, stem cells, Merkel Cells, Melanocytes**Keratinocytes are found in all layers
100
Which of the following is not considered a function of bone tissue and the skeletal system?a. attachment site of muscles, tendons, and ligamentsb. storage of calcium and phosphorusc. formation of blood cellsd. support and protection of soft organs and tissuese. synthesis of vitamin D
e. synthesis of vitamin D
101
Haversian canals contain:a. high concentrations of calcium saltsb. blood vesselsc. osteocytesd. articular cartilagee. the epiphyseal plate
Blood Vessels
102
The thin columns of bone that form an irregular lattice in spongy bone are called:a. osteons b canaliculic. lacunae d. Volkmann’s canalse. trabeculae
E. trabeculae
103
Increased osteoblast cell activity would have what effect on bone tissue?a. reduced bone mass b. osteopeniac. osteomyelitis d. increased bone masse. Two of the above
d. increased bone mass
104
The flat bones of the skull develop by intramembranous ossification. (T/F)
TRUE
105
thin layer of hyaline cartilage at end of a long bone
Articular Cartilage
106
region of mature bone where diaphysis joins epiphysis
Metaphysis
107
covering over bone to which ligaments and tendons attach
Fibrous Periosteum
108
a layer of hyaline cartilage in the metaphysis of a growing bone
Epiphyseal Plate
109
lining of the medullary cavity; contains osteogenic cells and osteoblasts
Endosteum
110
directs cellular activities by means of genes located here
nucleus
111
sites of protein synthesis; may occur attached to ER or scattered freely in cytoplasm
ribosomes
112
system of membranous channels providing pathways for transport within the cell and surface areas for chemical reactions; may be rough or smooth
endoplasmic reticulum
113
stacks of cisternae; involved in packaging and secretion of glycolipids, glycoproteins, and lipoproteins
Golgi complex
114
may release enzymes that lead to autolysis of the cell
lysosomes
115
similar to lysosomes, but smaller; contain the enzyme catalase
peroxisome
116
called “powerhouses of the cell” because ATP production occurs within them
mitochondria
117
part of cytoskeleton; peripherally located in cytoplasm; involved with cell migration and contraction
microfilaments
118
part of cytoskeleton; give shape to cell; found in flagella, cilia, centrioles, and mitotic spindle
microtubules
119
help organize mitotic spindle used in cell division
centrosomes
120
long, hairlike structures that help move an entire cell
flagella
121
short, hairlike structures that move particles over cell surface
cilia
122
time during mitosis when chromosomes move toward opposite poles of the cell
anaphase
123
the result of reproductive cell division
gametes
124
time during mitosis when chromosomes uncoil into chromatin, the mitotic spindle breaks up, and the nuclearenvelope appears
telophase
125
spherical bodies that function in producing ribosomes
nucleoli
126
time during interphase when a cell is duplicating organelles and cytosolic components, but not DNA
G1 phase
127
cells that contain 23 pairs of chromosomes
diploid cells
128
members of a chromosome pair, one inherited from each parent
homologs
129
time during mitosis when the nuclear envelope disappears, chromatin thickens into distinct chromosomes, and mitotic spindle forms
prophase
130
proteins that form the core around which DNA wraps in chromatin
histones
131
time during interphase when DNA replication occurs
S phase
132
the genetically programmed death of certain cells
apoptosis
133
time during mitosis when chromatids line up on the metaphase plate of the mitotic spindle
metaphase
134
Which means of active transport does the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) use to enter white blood cells?
a. osmosis
b. facilitated diffusion
c. receptor-mediated endocytosis
d. filtration
e. exocytosis
c. receptor-mediated endocytosis
135
Cytokinesis is:
a. a passive form of transmembrane transport.
b. how macrophages engulf bacteria.
c. the separation of chromatid pairs during metaphase.
d. the division of the cytoplasm during somatic cell division.
e. the development of flagella on sperm.
d. the division of the cytoplasm during somatic cell division.
136
As a result of somatic cell division, each of the two cells produced has:
a. the haploid (n) number of chromosomes.
b. twice as many chromosomes as the original cell.
c. the diploid (2n) number of chromosomes.
d. exactly the same number of chromosomes as the original cell.
e. two of the above.
e. two of the above.c. the diploid (2n) number of chromosomes.d. exactly the same number of chromosomes as the original cell.
137
Division of the nucleus during somatic cell division is called:
a. apoptosis
b. mitosis
c. meiosis
d. metastasis
e. metaphase
b. mitosis
138
The extracellular fluid filling the microscopic spaces between the cells of tissues is called _____________.
interstitial fluid
139
The plasma membrane is composed of two main chemical components: a bilayer of ___________ and protein.
(phospho)lipids
140
Clathrin-coated pits participate in a membrane transport process _______________ called .
receptor-mediated endocytosis
141
Reproductive cell division consists of a special two-step process of _______________ division called .
meiosis
142
The connective tissue best designed to resist pulling forces in various directions is:
a. fibrocartilage.
b. bone.
c. dense regular connective tissue.
d. dense irregular connective tissue.
e. areolar connective tissue.
d. dense irregular connective tissue.
143
Which statement best describes connective tissue?
a. usually contains a large amount of extracellular matrix
b. always arranged in a single layer of cells
c. primarily concerned with secretion
d. cells always very closely packed together
e. is avascular
a. usually contains a large amount of extracellular matrix
144
A gland that secretes its product into a duct is referred to as a(n) ______________ gland.
exocrine
145
Membrane proteins called connexins form tunnels called connexons in the type of cell junction known as a(n) _______________ .
gap junction
146
The three types of fibers that strengthen and support the extracellular matrix of connective tissues are _________________fibers, _________________ fibers, and ___________________fibers.
collagen, elastic, reticular
147
Hollow organs belonging to systems that do not open to the outside of the body are lined with a ___________________ membrane.
serous
148
lines inner surface of the stomach and intestine
simple columnar epithelium
149
avascular mature type of connective tissue that occurs as three main types
cartilage
Three types:
1. Hyaline cartilage
2. Fibrocartilage
3. Elastic cartilage
150
lines urinary bladder, ureters, and urethra
transitional epithelium
151
forms fasciae and dermis of skin
dense irregular connective tissue
152
has cells that are specialized for triglyceride storage
adipose tissue
153
all cells attached to the basement membrane, not all of which reach the surface of tissue
pseudo stratified columnar epithelium
154
subcutaneous tissue containing several kinds of cells and all three fiber types
areolar connective tissue
155
(h) lines the mouth; present on the outer surface of the skin
stratified squamous epithelium
156
(j) strong tissue found in the lungs; can recoil back to itsoriginal shape after being stretched
simple squamous epithelium
157
Periosteal arteries enter a bone through:
a. haversian canals
b. lacunae
c. canaliculi
d. Volkmann’s canalse. trabeculae
d. Volkmann’s canals
158
The flat bones of the skull develop by intramembranous ossification. (T/F)
True
159
Canaliculi are microscopic canals running longitudinally through bone. (T/F)
False (Central canals are microscopic canals running longitudinally through bone.)
160
Bones do not have a nerve supply. (T/F)
False (Bones do have a nerve supply.)
161
A fracture hematoma is a mass of fibrocartilage that bridges the broken ends of the bones. (T/F)
20. False (A fracture hematoma is a blood clot that bridges the broken ends of the bones.)
162
The organic extracellular matrix of bone tissue is secreted by osteoblasts. (T/F)
TRUE
163
Osteoporosis is a disease in which bone deposition outpaces bone resorption. (T/F)
False (Osteoporosis is a disease in which bone resorption outpaces bone deposition.)
164
Osteoarthritis is an infection of bone often caused by bacteria, usually Staphylococcus aureus. (T/F)
False (Osteomyelitis is an infection of bone often caused by bacteria, usually Staphylococcus aureus.)
165
What's the difference between chondroblasts and chondrocytes?
Both are mature types of connective tissue. Chondroblast produce and chondrocytes maintain the extracellular matrix of cartilage.
166
(T/F) Cartilage provides the epiphyseal plates that allow for the growth of the skeleton after birth
TRUE
167
This cartilage is the most abundant in the body and is the weakest of the three. It's chondrocytes are in lacunae audit's collagen fibres are thin not visible.
Hyalin Cartilage (Think glassy appearance)
168
This cartilage has it's chondrocytes scattered among thick bundles of collagen fibres in the extracellular matrix
Fibrocartilage (Strongest of the three)
169
This cartilage is found in the trachea, bronchus, larynx, epiglottis and ends of ribs.
Hyaline
170
This cartilage is found in articular disk (intervertebral, symphysis, pubic, meniscus, and TMJ)
Fibrocartilage
171
This cartilage is not covered by perichondrium
Fibrocartilage
172
This cartilage has it's chondrocytes located in a threadlike network of elastic fibres in the extracellular matrix.
Elastic Cartilage
173
This cartilage is found on the external part of the ear, and the tip of your nose.
Elastic Cartilage
174
Hyaline Cartilage mainly grows by what type of growth?
Interstitial Growth
175
Appositional growth occurs in all cartilage except ?
Fibrocartilage and articular cartilage
176
With regards to osteogenesis, which ossification is mainly flat bones?
intramembranous
177
With regards to osteogenesis, which ossification is mainly long bones?
endochondral ossifaction
178
```
Which of the following best describes the most abundant class of plasma membrane
lipid?
```
```
A. Cholesterol
B. Glycolipid
C. Phospholipid
D. Glycoprotein
E. Triglyceride
```
C. Phospholipid
179
Which of the following best describes a type of passive transport?
```
A. Exocytosis
B. Pinocytosis
C. Phagocytosis
D. Facilitated diffusion
E. Receptor-mediated endocytosis
```
D. Facilitated diffusion
180
Which of the following best describes the cytoskeletal component associated with
desmosomes?
```
A. Actin filament
B. Intermediate filament
C. Microfilament
D. Microtubule
E. Centriole
```
B. Intermediate filament
181
Which of the following best describes the type of epithelial tissue lining blood vessels?
```
A. Stratified cuboidal
B. Simple cuboidal
C. Simple columnar
D. Stratified squamous - nonkeratinized
E. Simple squamous
```
E. Simple squamous
182
Which of the following best describes the type of connective tissue found in ligaments?
```
A. Adipose
B. Loose areolar
C. Fibrocartilage
D. Dense regular
E. Dense irregular
```
D. Dense regular
183
Which of the following best describes the skin gland that produces a holocrine secretion linked to acne?
```
A. Apocrine
B. Ceruminous
C. Eccrine
D. Sebaceous
E. Sudoriferous
```
D. Sebaceous
184
Which blood cell is the first responder to bacterial infection?
a) Basophil
b) Neutrophil
c) Lymphocye
d) Monocyte
e) Eosinophil
b) Neutrophil
185
During contraction, skeletal muscle is held to the bone by tendons. Which of the following statements regards tendons?
a) They contain regularly arranged elastic fibers
b) They contain regularly arranged reticular fibers
c) They contain irregularly arranged collagen fibers
d) They contain irregularly arranged reticular fibers
e) They contain regularly arranged collagen fibers
e) They contain regularly arranged collagen fibers
186
What is the function of desmosomes?
a) They connect cells to other cells
b) They prevent movement of particles between cells
c) They allow molecules to move between cells
d) They connect cells to the basement membrane
e) They increase surface area for reabsorption
a) They connect cells to other cells
187
The tissue that lines the capillaries of sweat glands is made up of which type of cell?
a) Columnar cell
b) Transitional cell
c) Cuboidal cell
d) Squamous cell
e) Fibroblast
d) Squamous cell
